网状生物转盘-生物接触氧化法处理高浓度生活污水的实验研究

针对普通生物转盘生物量小,有机负荷低等特点,首次采用新型网状生物转盘辅以生物接触氧化技术联合处理城市生活污水,为提高其处理效果,分别考察了水力停留时间、转盘转速、气水比、有机负荷的研究对COD去除效果的影响。结果表明：网状生物转盘具有较强的抗冲击负荷的能力,实验中转盘的有机负荷为35.41 g COD/(m2·d)时,...     

石化企业周边儿童多环芳烃内暴露负荷的时间变异性

为了研究空气低质量数多环芳烃污染对儿童内暴露负荷的影响,选取华南地区某石化企业为污染区,上风向15km处为对照区,在污染区和对照区各自选取一所小学中的80名儿童为内暴露采样对象,连续采集3d的尿样.研究石化企业多环芳烃污染对儿童内暴露负荷的影响以及多环芳烃内暴露的时间变异性.结果表明：3d中,污染区儿童羟基多环芳烃（OHPAHs）浓度的几何平均值为0.06~5.09μg/g;对照区儿童OHPAHs浓度几何均值为0.04~4.00μg/g.污染区儿童OHPAHs浓度略高于对照区,并且存在显著影响（P<0.05）;除对照区2d以外,污染区与对照区儿童尿液中OHPAHs组成特征均表现出羟基萘 > 羟基菲 > 羟基芴 > 羟基芘的规律;OHPAHs之间的相关性分析表明,只有污染区3d的OHPAHs之间存在显著相关（P<0.01,R²=0.74~0.97）,污染区OHPAHs之间的相关性好于对照区;仅在污染区3d的1-羟基芘与其它OHPAHs单体之间均为显著性相关（P<0.01,R²=0.82~0.95）.     

Contamination of human milk in Middle Hesse, Germany--a cross-sectional study on the changing levels of chlorinated pesticides, PCB congeners and recent levels of nitro musks

Human milk samples from women in Middle Hesse, Germany were chemically analyzed for contamination levels of alpha-, beta- and gamma-HCH, HCB, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT as well as the PCB-congeners no. 28, 31, 49, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 156, 170 and 180. Changes in concentrations of these compounds in human milk over an extended time period were studied by comparing samples from 1984/85, 1990/91 and 1995. In addition, concentrations of the nitro-aromatic compounds musk xylene and musk ketone were determined in the 1995 samples. The study showed statistically highly significant (p<0.001) reductions in levels of beta- and gamma-HCH, HCB, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT, in human milk from 1995 compared to samples from 1984/85. A weakly significant reduction (p<0.05) of alpha-HCH was also observed. For low-chlorinated PCB congeners, on the other hand, a highly significant increase of PCB no. 28 was detected and concentrations of congeners no. 31, 49 and 52 remained unchanged. Concentrations of the high-chlorinated congeners no. 101, 138, 153 and 180 dropped (highly significant). A highly significant reduction of PCB no. 118 and 156 occurred between 1990/91 and 1995, but a highly significant increase was found for no. 170. Lower levels of hydrocarbon contamination of human milk samples from 1995 than were found in samples from 1984/85 and 1990/91 can be seen to result partially from voluntary reductions, but primarily reflect restrictive environmental legislation in the Federal Republic of Germany. Mean concentrations of musk xylene and musk ketone in samples from 1995 were 41 microg/kg and 10 microg/kg milk fat, respectively.     

中国城市PM2.5与PM10中重金属水平及分布差异

在大量文献调研的基础上,对正常天气下中国43个城市PM_(2.5)和26个城市PM_(10)中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的数据进行了归纳和分析,探讨中国城市PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)中重金属的总体分布及区域分布特征,并对今后的研究提出了建议。结果表明:1)我国对空气颗粒物中重金属的研究主要集中在PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)两种粒级;PM_(10)中各元素质量浓度均大于PM_(2.5)中元素质量浓度,但两者之间差异不显著;2)不同粒级颗粒物中重金属质量浓度区域分布不同,总体上PM_(2.5)中重金属质量浓度在我国华南、西北地区较高,西南地区最低,而PM_(10)中重金属质量浓度在华北、西北地区较高,西南地区较低;3)总体上,PM_(2.5)中重金属质量浓度表现为省会城市高于地级城市,而PM_(10)中重金属质量浓度表现为地级城市高于省会城市。今后可从不同粒级颗粒物中重金属含量分布特征及不同来源颗粒物粒径特征等方面开展更多的研究,为治理城市空气污染提供科学依据。     

三七渣浅盘发酵生产蛋白饲料的研究

文章考察了料层厚度、翻料操作和麸皮比例3个关键因素对黑曲霉/产朊假丝酵母浅盘发酵三七渣生产蛋白饲料的影响。研究结果表明,料层厚度对品温和发酵培养物真蛋白含量影响显著(p0.05),增加料层厚度将导致品温升高和发酵培养物真蛋白含量降低,适宜的料层厚度为2~3 cm;翻料操作可以降低品温并提高发酵培养物的真蛋白含量。麸皮比例对发酵培养物的真蛋白含量影响显著(p0.05),适宜的麸皮比例为10%。     

车辆间碰撞交通事故计算机辅助鉴定技术综述

在分析车辆间事故过程的基础上,论述车辆间碰撞交通事故计算机辅助鉴定技术的基本原理,回顾碰撞前后阶段的HVOSM,PHASE4,SIMON等事故再现轨迹模型,概要地阐述CRASH类、动量模型类逆向计算系统以及二维、三维正向模拟类软件的计算原理,并进行分析和评述。研究认为,我国车辆间碰撞交通事故鉴定应将逆向计算与正向模拟相结合,建议通过研究交通事故现场勘查技术和建立车辆、轮胎、路面摩擦特性等基础数据库来提高逆向计算系统初始数据的准确性,从而提高交通事故鉴定的精度。     

改进型升流式固体反应器处理猪粪污新工艺研究

对传统升流式固体反应器（USR）进行改进,反应器内设置专用搅拌器,搅拌器间歇开启,在保留USR各项优势的前提下,使料液与厌氧微生物接触更充分,反应温度更均匀,提高产气率,同时还解决了传统USR的“结壳”问题,提高了反应器的传质效率、甲烷产气率和COD去除效果。进料含固量在12.1%时,水利停留时间为17 d,反应器最高容积负荷达到4.9 kg COD/(m³·d),产气速率为2.55 m³/(m³·d),产气率达到0.359 m³/kg干猪粪。     

Characteristics,source, and potential ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Songhua River Basin,Northeast China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concentration characteristics, sources, and potential ecological risk assessment of 16 PAHs were investigated in the surface water from the...     

三七渣固态发酵生产绿色木霉的工艺条件研究

考察了发酵时间、孢子液接种量、固态发酵培养基装料量、培养温度、光照条件等对三七渣固态发酵生产绿色木霉的影响,并采用正交实验优化了发酵工艺条件。结果表明,发酵过程受工艺条件的影响较大,孢子液接种量、固态发酵培养基装料量、发酵时间3个因素的交互作用极显著(p0.01),这3个因素以及它们之间的交互作用对实验结果的影响程度排序为:交互作用固态发酵培养基装料量孢子液接种量发酵时间;在最佳的发酵工艺条件(即培养温度24℃、无光照、接种量20%(1g三七渣接种2mL绿色木霉孢子液)、固态发酵培养基装料量12.5g、发酵时间8d)下,平均产孢量可达10.10×109 cfu/g。     

Photocatalytic decomposition of methanol over La/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> materials

Lanthanum-modified TiO₂ photocatalysts (0.2–1.5 wt% La) were investigated in the methanol decomposition in an aqueous solution. The photocatalysts were prepared by the common sol-gel method followed by calcination. The structural (X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), textural (N₂ physisorption), and optical properties (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoelectrochemical measurements) of all synthetized nanomaterials were correlated with photocatalytic activity. Both pure TiO₂ and La-doped TiO₂ photocatalysts proved higher yields of hydrogen in comparison to photolysis. The photocatalyst with optimal amount of lanthanum (0.2 wt% La) showed almost two times higher amount of hydrogen produced at the same time as in the presence of pure TiO₂. The photocatalytic activity increased with both increasing photocurrent response and decreasing amount of lattice and surface O species. It has been shown that both direct and indirect mechanisms of methanol photocatalytic oxidation participate in the production of hydrogen. Both direct and indirect mechanisms take part in the formation of hydrogen.