“H”桥不平衡电流高频测试法在±660kV换流站中的应用

为保证银川东±660 kV换流站的滤波器和无功补偿装置能安全、可靠、稳定运行,利用高频测量法对换流站的滤波器和无功补偿装置进行“H”桥不平衡电流测试,测试和计算得到的不平衡电流的不平衡度满足相关要求。应用结果表明:高频测试法操作方便、安全,计算简捷,可准确测量“H”桥不平衡电流。     

12种有机物在鲤鱼体内富集与释放行为的研究

本实验对第二松花江江水和鱼体中多次检出的12种化合物在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio L.)体内累积与释放行为进行了研究。提出了一个描述有机物在鱼体内富集行为的模式。给出了几种化合物生物富集因子(BCF)以及该因子与辛醇-水分配系数(K_(ow))之间的关系。研究结果表明,这些有机污染物在鱼体内的富集行为互不影响。含硝基化合物富集倍率低且易于释放,有机物是以一级动力学方式在鱼体内累积和释放。     

环氧丙烷燃烧特性研究

利用燃烧盘对环氧丙烷的燃烧特性进行了研究,观测其质量燃烧速率、火焰形态、热辐射强度,并进行理论计算。结果表明:环氧丙烷在4.52 m~2燃烧盘中质量燃烧速率达到24.0 kg/(min·m~2),是1.73 m~2燃烧盘环氧丙烷燃烧速率5.40 kg/(min·m~2)的4.45倍。环氧丙烷在1.73m~2、4.52 m~2燃烧盘的火焰高度分别为3.5 m和6.2 m,均高于Thoms和Heskestad模型的预测结果。同等条件下环氧丙烷的火焰热辐射强度,高于汽油、石脑油和乙醇。     

中国石油污染管理减排探讨

为确保实现国家"十一五"主要污染物排放总量减少10%的目标,中国石油安排了十大减排工程。工程措施是实现污染减排的主要手段,但不是唯一的措施,管理减排也是一项重要内容。文章从热力学第二定律与"麦克斯韦妖"现象出发,结合KLEM模式,分析了管理减排的理论依据,并从管理角度提出了中国石油污染减排对策建议。     

Hydrophobicity of soil colloids and heavy metal mobilization: effects of drying

Drying of soil may increase the hydrophobicity of soil and affect the mobilization of colloids after re-wetting. Results of previous research suggest that colloid hydrophobicity is an important parameter in controlling the retention of colloids and colloid-associated substances in soils. We tested the hypothesis that air-drying of soil samples increases the hydrophobicity of water-dispersible colloids and whether air-drying affects the mobilization of colloid-associated heavy metals. We performed batch experiments with field-moist and air-dried (25 degrees C) soils from a former sewage farm (sandy loam), a municipal park (loamy sand), and a shooting range site (loamy sand with 25% C(org)). The filtered suspensions (<1.2 microm) were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved and colloidal organic C and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn), average colloid size, zeta potential, and turbidity. The hydrophobicity of colloids was determined by their partitioning between a hydrophobic solid and a hydrophilic aqueous phase. Drying increased hydrophobicity of the solid phase but did not affect the hydrophobicity of the dispersed colloids. Drying decreased the amount of mobilized mineral and (organo-)mineral colloids in the sewage farm soils but increased the mobilization of organic colloids in the C-rich shooting range soil. Dried samples released less colloid-bound Cd and Zn than field-moist samples. Drying-induced mobilization of dissolved organic C caused a redistribution of Cu from the colloidal to the dissolved phase. We conclude that drying-induced colloid mobilization is not caused by a change in the physicochemical properties of the colloids. Therefore, it is likely that the mobilization of colloids in the field is caused by increasing shear forces or the disintegration of aggregates.     

Midas/GTS在滑坡稳定性分析及治理中的应用

利用Midas/GTS数值模拟软件选取最不利滑坡剖面进行二维建模,应用强度折减理论分析滑坡在天然状态下的稳定性,得出滑坡的最大剪应变、最大剪应力、滑动面及安全系数。通过Midas/GTS中锚建模助手建立锚杆并施加预应力对滑体进行加固,分析加固后滑坡稳定性。结果表明,预应力锚杆大大提高了滑坡体的安全系数。     

Genetic structure along a gaseous organic pollution gradient: a case study with Poa annua L

The population genetic composition of Poa annua L. was studied by starch electrophoresis along a transect running NE from an organic reagents factory at Shanghai, China. Five enzyme systems were stained. We have reached the following preliminary conclusions: (1). Organic pollution has dramatically changed genotypic frequencies at some loci of Poa annua populations. At polluted sites, significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed on loci Sod-1 and Me due to the excess of heterozygote. Especially in the two nearest sites to pollution source, all the individuals were heterozygous at locus Sod-1. The data suggests that heterozygotes were more tolerant to organic pollution than homozygotes, indicating the fitness superiority of heterozygotes. (2). A tendency towards clinal changes of allele frequencies was found at some polymorphic loci. Frequencies of the common alleles at loci Sod-1, Me and Fe-1 increased as the distance to the pollution source increased. (3). The effective number of alleles per locus, and the observed and expected heterozygosity were much higher in the pollution series than in the clear control site (Botanic Park population), but genetic multiplicity (number of alleles per locus) was lower than for the control. (4). Most genetic variability was found within populations, and only 2.56% were among populations of the polluted series. However, 9.48% of the total genetic variation occurred among populations when including the Botanic Park population. The genetic identity between populations of the pollution series (0.9869-1.0000, mean 0.9941) was higher than those between the pollution series and the Botanic Park population. UPGMA divided the five populations into two groups. One contained the four polluted populations, and the other only contained the Botanic Park population.     

保氮增效剂调节氮肥施用量和利用率的研究 Ⅱ.保氮增效剂在小麦生产中的应用效果

利用田间试验研究了氮肥与保氮增效剂共施的效应函数和保氮增效剂促进小麦省肥增产的比较效果。同的供氮水平,保氮增效剂均能改善小麦植株经济性状,促进籽粒增产,提高氮肥报酬和施肥利润。保氮增效剂用量为氮肥实物量的5%作小麦基肥,旱地增产45～52.5kg/亩,稻田增产54.5～74.5kg/亩,氮肥报酬提高41.4～68.6%。     

Unsupervised monitoring of vegetation in a surface coal mining region based on NDVI time series

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Surface coal mining causes vegetation disturbance while providing an energy source. Thus, much attention is given to monitoring the vegetation of...