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61.
Vasconcelos Pedro Hermano M. Camelo André Luiz M. de Lima Ari Clecius A. do Nascimento Hélio O. Vidal Carla B. do Nascimento Ronaldo F. Lopes Gisele S. Longhinotti Elisane 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(7):8012-8021
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chemometric tools are powerful strategies to efficiently optimize many processes. These tools were employed to optimize a fast-solid phase... 相似文献
62.
Rafael Vicente de P��dua Ferreira Solange Kazumi Sakata Vera L��cia Keiko Isiki Hissae Miyamoto Maria Helena Bellini Luis Filipe C. P. de Lima J��lio Takehiro Marumo 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(2):209-216
The present study investigated the influence of 241Am on microbial growth and the degradation of organic waste. Leachate samples collected in a lysimeter were periodically analyzed
for bacterial growth, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 241Am inhibited bacterial growth, and the degradation of organic matter was delayed in comparison with the control. Minimal inhibitory
concentration assays and survival curves revealed that it inhibits the growth of Pseudomonas putida F1. The assay also revealed that 241Am is more toxic than 238U, Zn2+ and Cd2+. This study further led to the finding of four new radionuclide-tolerant bacterial strains: Flavobacterium spp., Pseudomonas gladioli, Chryseobacterium indologenes and Ochrobactrum anthropi. The survival curves of P. gladioli, C. indologenes revealed that these bacteria are resistant to metal as consortia. 相似文献
63.
Raquel Barrena Gómez Felicitas Vázquez Lima Antoni Sánchez Ferrer 《Waste management & research》2006,24(1):37-47
Respiration is directly related to the metabolic activity of a microbial population. Micro-organisms respire at higher rates in the presence of large amounts of bioavailable organic matter while respiration rate is slower if this type of material is scarce. In the composting process respiration activity has become an important parameter for the determination of the stability of compost. It is also used for the monitoring of the composting process and it is considered an important factor for the estimation of the maturity of the material. A wide range of respirometric protocols has been reported based either on CO2 production, O2 uptake or release of heat. The most common methods are those based on O2 uptake. Respirometric assays are affected by a number of parameters including temperature, humidity, and both incubation and pre-incubation conditions. Results from respirometries are generally expressed as 'respiration indices', most of them with their own units and basis. In consequence, some confusion exists when referring and comparing respiration indices. This is particularly important because current and future legislations define and measure the biological stability of waste on the basis of respiration activity of the material. This paper discusses and compares most common respiration indices currently used. 相似文献
64.
65.
Steven L. Lima Patrick A. Zollner Peter A. Bednekoff 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(2):110-116
In socially feeding birds and mammals, as group size increases, individuals devote less time to scanning their environment
and more time to feeding. This vigilance “group size effect” has long been attributed to the anti-predatory benefits of group
living, but many investigators have suggested that this effect may be driven by scramble competition for limited food. We
addressed this issue of causation by focusing on the way in which the scan durations of free-living dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) decrease with group size. We were particularly interested in vigilance scanning concomitant with the handling of food items,
since a decrease in food handling times (i.e. scan durations) with increasing group size could theoretically be driven by
scramble competition for limited food resources. However, we showed that food-handling scan durations decrease with group
size in an environment with an effectively unlimited food supply. Furthermore, this food-handling effect was qualitatively
similar to that observed in the duration of standard vigilance scans (scanning exclusive of food ingestion), and both responded
to changes in the risk of predation (proximity of a refuge) as one might expect based upon anti-predator considerations. The
group size effects in both food-handling and standard scan durations may reflect a lesser need for personal information about
risk as group size increases. Scramble competition may influence vigilance in some circumstances, but demonstrating an effect
of competition beyond that of predation may prove challenging.
Received: 22 September 1998 / Received in revised form: 1 February 1999 / Accepted: 14 February 1999 相似文献
66.
联合国将碳中和视为当今世界最为紧迫的任务,而农业是温室气体排放最多的产业之一,各国相继出台政策积极开展农业农村减排工作。韩国自2012年开始逐渐减少海洋粪污排泄量,并大力实行绿色种养循环农业,解决本国内畜禽粪污问题。韩国作为中国的重要海上邻国,不论是从研究借鉴角度抑或生态系统共享角度,了解其环境保护政策都是十分必要的。本文从韩国实施的主要政策、各地区农地养分收支现状、代表性运营模式案例、政策关注焦点等方面介绍韩国绿色种养循环农业的发展概况,结合中国绿色种养循环农业现状开展研究。提出三点政策建议:第一,进一步完善畜禽粪污资源化利用机具补贴辅助管理系统,提高系统在农户中的普及率;第二,提高全民环保意识的同时,政府的角色不应局限自上而下的引导型,应该积极促进种植户和养殖户间的自发组织,并大力提倡吸纳社会资本,集结社会各方力量;第三,促进绿色种养循环农业产品的商品化和品牌化,从而调动农户参与绿色种养循环农业的积极性。 相似文献
67.
Patricia Zazeri Leite Tatiana Cristina Stefani Margarido Daína de Lima Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres Eduardo Alves de Almeida 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(8):1411-1421
Purpose
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are among the most used insecticides in agriculture, causing the inhibition of esterases like acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE). Pesticides can reach the aquatic environment, posing risks to non-target organisms, including tadpoles. 相似文献68.
This article presents an analysis of the application of a cleaner production program within a Brazilian printing company and describes its specific characteristics to propose a benchmark for similar efforts at other companies. As a result, a very number of improvement opportunities (136) were identified, indicating that the printing industry needs to make reasonable, collective efforts to ensure that companies' environmental systems reach international marks. 相似文献
69.
Hass A Gonzalez JM Lima IM Godwin HW Halvorson JJ Boyer DG 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(4):1096-1106
Acid weathered soils often require lime and fertilizer application to overcome nutrient deficiencies and metal toxicity to increase soil productivity. Slow-pyrolysis chicken manure biochars, produced at 350 and 700°C with and without subsequent steam activation, were evaluated in an incubation study as soil amendments for a representative acid and highly weathered soil from Appalachia. Biochars were mixed at 5, 10, 20, and 40 g kg into a Gilpin soil (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludult) and incubated in a climate-controlled chamber for 8 wk, along with a nonamended control and soil amended with agronomic dolomitic lime (AgLime). At the end of the incubation, soil pH, nutrient availability (by Mehlich-3 and ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid [AB-DTPA] extractions), and soil leachate composition were evaluated. Biochar effect on soil pH was process- and rate-dependent. Biochar increased soil pH from 4.8 to 6.6 at the high application rate (40 g kg), but was less effective than AgLime. Biochar produced at 350°C without activation had the least effect on soil pH. Biochar increased soil Mehlich-3 extractable micro- and macronutrients. On the basis of unit element applied, increase in pyrolysis temperature and biochar activation decreased availability of K, P, and S compared to nonactivated biochar produced at 350°C. Activated biochars reduced AB-DTPA extractable Al and Cd more than AgLime. Biochar did not increase NO in leachate, but increased dissolved organic carbon, total N and P, PO, SO, and K at high application rate (40 g kg). Risks of elevated levels of dissolved P may limit chicken manure biochar application rate. Applied at low rates, these biochars provide added nutritional value with low adverse impact on leachate composition. 相似文献
70.
Adsorption behavior of 17α-ethynylestradiol onto soils followed by fluorescence spectral deconvolution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, a simple and rapid procedure for monitoring adsorption of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) onto soil samples was developed. The used method is based on a multiwavelength fluorescence spectral deconvolution (FSD) where the emission fluorescence spectrum of a sample is considered as a linear combination of emission spectra, named reference spectra. The combination of the reference spectra allows the restitution of the shape of the emission spectrum of any unknown sample. This approach was applied to follow EE2 adsorption onto four soil samples and is an easy and low cost alternative.Adsorption experimental data showed a good fit with the Hill equation, mathematically equivalent to the Langmuir-Freundlich model assuming that the adsorption is a cooperative process influenced by adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. Molecular modelling studies clearly support the “co-operative adsorption” model, showing that after the adsorption of the first layer of EE2 molecules onto the soil, at least one more layer of EE2 is adsorbed, due to interactions established with the first adsorbed layer. Notwithstanding, packing a third row would imply interactions between two EE2 molecules that differ from the ones verified in the lowest energy structure, which also explains the plateau achieved in the adsorption curve. 相似文献