丁二烯缓冲罐自聚物的生成原因及防范措施

分析了ABS树脂生产装置丁二烯缓冲罐中丁二烯自聚物的生成原因,提出了预防措施,避免丁二烯自聚物的生成,保证装置的安全平稳运行。     

NOx光解测量装置的设计与测试

根据二氧化氮的光解反应原理,自主设计、装配了一套氮氧化物光解反应装置,并将其与Thermo 42系列氮氧化物分析仪的化学发光检测室联用,进行了不同条件下(分别为标气流量、臭氧流量、光源温度、功率、样品湿度)NO2光解转化效率的测试.结果表明:进样流量为100~200 mL·min-1、光源温度为20℃、光源功率约为60 W(光密度约26 W·mL-1)的条件下,可得到较高的光解转化效率(约80%);臭氧流量及样品相对湿度对转化效率影响不大.在上述最佳转化效率的条件下,将其与PLC860-CLD88p(ECO PHYSICIS)进行了为期8 d的比对实验.结果显示:二者的NO2实际测量结果趋势基本一致:[NO2]ECO=0.908×[NO2]PKU+1.913(R2=0.955),初步证实了该套自主设计光解装置应用于实际观测的可靠程度.     

对秦皇岛港西港搬迁改造工程的绿色思考

秦皇岛港西港搬迁改造工程对完善港口功能,振兴临港产业,缓解城市污染,促进港城互动,建设美丽港城,具有重要历史意义。针对搬迁改造工程中存在的问题与不足,提出应进一步完善搬迁改造规划,加大环保力度,从秦皇岛港口规划、布局到建设、生产,全面落实《绿色港口评价等级标准》,将改造工程对环境的负面影响降到最低,全力将秦皇岛港建设成为绿色港口。     

类芦对铅的耐性及富集能力探讨

通过野外调查和盆栽试验,研究了类芦(Neyraudia reynaudiana)对Pb的耐性和富集能力.研究结果表明,类芦对Pb耐受的临界浓度为800 mg/kg,在此浓度以下Pb对类芦的生长基本无抑制作用.随着处理浓度的增加,类芦生长变缓慢、出现中毒症状,但仍能存活.从富集能力来看,土壤Pb为中低浓度时,类芦的富集能力较强,但Pb浓度超过1 000 mg/kg后地上部富集量增加缓慢,而根部的含量则降低.在各种Pb处理浓度下,类芦地上部Pb含量均大于根部,说明这种植物对Pb有较好的迁移能力.研究发现,类芦具有较高的生物量,因此其地上部Pb迁移总量较高,在土壤Pb浓度为800 mg/kg时类芦地上部的迁移总量可达到221.77 mg/m2.综合分析可知,类芦对中度Pb污染土壤的植物修复具有较大的潜力.     

压力式接触氧化法同步硝化反硝化脱氮性能研究

研究了压力式接触氧化法的脱氮性能,分析了容积负荷、溶解氧和停留时间等因素对反应器脱氮效果的影响.研究表明,压力式接触氧化法具有明显的同步硝化反硝化现象,当HRT=1.8 h时,DO高达5.4 mg/L,可获得90%以上的反硝化率.当HRT=1.8 h,溶解氧4～5 mg/L,容积负荷为10～12 kg COD/(m3·d)时,氨氮去除率80%左右,总氮去除率达70%～80%.     

Fe0/厌氧微生物联合体系处理2,4,6-三氯酚影响因素的研究

利用Fe⁰/厌氧微生物联合体系对2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)进行降解研究。结果表明,Fe0/厌氧微生物联合体系可以有效降解2,4,6-TCP,Fe⁰与厌氧微生物之间存在明显的协同效应。Fe⁰/厌氧微生物联合体系处理2,4,6-TCP的最优条件为：微生物接种量0.434 g VSS/L,Fe⁰投加量15 g/L,体系初始pH值7.0～8.0。     

污泥果肥利用中重金属迁移特征研究

为了厦门城市污泥的安全利用,将石渭头污水处理厂污泥经过好氧堆肥后施用于柚子树,对重金属元素在土壤、树叶及果肉中的迁移特征进行了研究。结果表明：Cd在土壤中的富集能力强;重金属元素从土壤向树叶迁移累积能力比向果肉的大得多,污泥肥料不能用于叶类食用植物的施用;Cr向树叶、Ni向果肉的迁移累积能力强;泥肥的施用加重了土壤中Cd的污染,提高了Cr向树叶、Ni向果肉的迁移能力;污泥果肥利用需降低Ni的浓度,对污泥中含量较高的Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr和Cd需进行跟踪检测。     

Source analysis of particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban atmosphere of a northern city in China

Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were investigated at six sampling sites in the heating (February to March 2001) and nonheating (August to September 2001) periods in an industrial city in Northern China. Thirteen PAHs were measured. The total average concentrations (nanograms per meter cubed) of PAHs ranged between 78.93 and 214.63 during the heating period and from 31.48 to 102.26 in the nonheating period. Benzo(a)pyrene occurred at the highest level at a site near an industrial area but occurred at low concentrations far from the city center and industrial areas. In addition, ambient PAH profiles were studied. The five and six-ring species occurred in high fractions at the sampling site. By diagnostic ratio analysis, the major source at each sampling site in the city was coal combustion in the heating period; in the nonheating period, the major sources were relatively complex. Finally, the similarities among the six regions were assessed by principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and coefficient of divergence. These multivariate statistical analyses produced similar results, which agreed with the results from the diagnostic ratio analysis.     

Decolorization of cationic red X-GRL by wet air oxidation: performance optimization and degradation mechanism

The decolorization of a strong colored azo dye solution of cationic red X-GRL was investigated by wet air oxidation under relatively mild conditions (60-180 degrees C, PO2 = 0-1.2 MPa). Mono-factor experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of the operation factors and the relatively important parameters were selected for optimization using response surface methodology to explore the interactions of these relatively important parameters. Model regeneration analysis and the check experiments showed that the data of the general linear model agreed with the experiment results well. With multistage Monte-Carlo optimization, the best region of these variables could be predicted to dye color removal. At typical operational conditions, the intermediates of dye degradation were detected and confirmed by GC/MS system. Considering the intermediates and the structure analysis with the help of Gaussian 03W (version 6.0) and the theory of dye color, a possible degradation mechanism for the wet air oxidation of cationic red X-GRL was discussed and the probable degradation pathway was deduced.     

A biomimetic absorbent for removal of trace level persistent organic pollutants from water

A novel biomimetic absorbent containing the lipid triolein was developed for removing persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from water. The structural characteristics of the absorbent were obtained by SEM and a photoluminescence method. Under optimum preparation conditions, triolein was perfectly embedded in the cellulose acetate (CA) spheres, the absorbent was stable and no triolein leaked into the water. Dieldrin, endrin, aldrin and heptachlor epoxide were effectively removed by the CA--triolein absorbent in laboratory batch experiments. This suggests that CA-triolein absorbent may serve as a good absorbent for those selected POPs. Triolein in the absorbent significantly increased the absorption capacity, and lower residual concentrations of POPs were achieved when compared to the use of cellulose acetate absorbent. The absorption rate for lipophilic pollutants was very fast and exhibited some relationship with the octanol--water partition coefficient of the analyte. The absorption mechanism is discussed in detail.