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21.
22.
Potential Economic Benefits of Adapting Agricultural Production Systems to Future Climate Change 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tony Prato Qiu Zeyuan Gregory Pederson Dan Fagre Lindsey E. Bengtson Jimmy R. Williams 《Environmental management》2010,45(3):577-589
Potential economic impacts of future climate change on crop enterprise net returns and annual net farm income (NFI) are evaluated
for small and large representative farms in Flathead Valley in Northwest Montana. Crop enterprise net returns and NFI in an
historical climate period (1960–2005) and future climate period (2006–2050) are compared when agricultural production systems
(APSs) are adapted to future climate change. Climate conditions in the future climate period are based on the A1B, B1, and
A2 CO2 emission scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Steps in the evaluation include:
(1) specifying crop enterprises and APSs (i.e., combinations of crop enterprises) in consultation with locals producers; (2)
simulating crop yields for two soils, crop prices, crop enterprises costs, and NFIs for APSs; (3) determining the dominant
APS in the historical and future climate periods in terms of NFI; and (4) determining whether NFI for the dominant APS in
the historical climate period is superior to NFI for the dominant APS in the future climate period. Crop yields are simulated
using the Environmental/Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model and dominance comparisons for NFI are based on the stochastic
efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) criterion. Probability distributions that best fit the EPIC-simulated crop yields
are used to simulate 100 values for crop yields for the two soils in the historical and future climate periods. Best-fitting
probability distributions for historical inflation-adjusted crop prices and specified triangular probability distributions
for crop enterprise costs are used to simulate 100 values for crop prices and crop enterprise costs. Averaged over all crop
enterprises, farm sizes, and soil types, simulated net return per ha averaged over all crop enterprises decreased 24% and
simulated mean NFI for APSs decreased 57% between the historical and future climate periods. Although adapting APSs to future
climate change is advantageous (i.e., NFI with adaptation is superior to NFI without adaptation based on SERF), in six of
the nine cases in which adaptation is advantageous, NFI with adaptation in the future climate period is inferior to NFI in
the historical climate period. Therefore, adaptation of APSs to future climate change in Flathead Valley is insufficient to
offset the adverse impacts on NFI of such change. 相似文献
23.
Seth Payton Greg Lindsey Jeff Wilson John R. Ottensmann Joyce Man 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2008,51(6):717-736
This paper measures the benefits of the urban forest by examining its effect on housing prices. A Geographic Information System is used to develop a measure of the urban forest, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, from satellite imagery and to construct other variables from a variety of sources. Spatial hedonic housing price models for the Indianapolis/Marion County area are estimated. The models indicate that greener vegetation around a property has a positive, significant effect on housing price, holding everything else constant. This effect is dominated by measures at the neighborhood level. These findings indicate that property owners value the urban forest, at least in part, by the premium they pay to live in neighborhoods with greener, denser vegetation. These findings also indicate that public action to maintain and enhance the urban forest may be warranted. Planners and urban foresters can use these findings to inform public and policy debates over urban forestry programs and proposals. 相似文献
24.
25.
Alan S. Kolok Marlo K. Sellin Jeffries Lindsey Knight Daniel D. Snow Shannon L. Bartelt‐Hunt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):266-274
Recent research has suggested that the fate of biologically active compounds (BACs) originating from point sources such as wastewater treatment plants is fundamentally different from that of similar compounds released from nonpoint sources through runoff from agricultural landscapes. Downstream from wastewater treatment plants, BACs will degrade via a variety of mechanisms; however, their concentration in the water adjacent to the point of discharge may not decrease over time, as the compounds are continually released. In contrast, in agricultural systems, BACs are episodically introduced to surface water during snowmelt and rainstorm events, and under these circumstances, may be found in water for only hours or days after a storm event. Recent research in our laboratories as well as others, has suggested that sediments play an important role in the persistence of herbicides and steroids in watersheds after nonpoint source loading events. Conceptually, the sediment serves as both a sink and a source, equilibrating with BACs during storm events then slowly releasing them back into the water over time, long after the initial pulse of chemicals has moved downstream. 相似文献
26.
Bustard CJ Durham M Lindsey C Starns T Baldrey K Martin C Schlager R Sjostrom S Slye R Renninger S Monroe L Miller R Chang R 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(8):918-926
The overall objective of this project was to determine the cost and impacts of Hg control using sorbent injection into a Compact Hybrid Particulate Collector (COHPAC) at Alabama Power's Gaston Unit 3. This test is part of a program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to obtain the necessary information to assess the costs of controlling Hg from coal-fired utility plants that do not have scrubbers for SO2 control. The economics will be developed based on various levels of Hg control. Gaston Unit 3 was chosen for testing because COHPAC represents a cost-effective retrofit option for utilities with existing electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). COHPAC is an EPRI-patented concept that places a high air-to-cloth ratio baghouse downstream of an existing ESP to improve overall particulate collection efficiency. Activated carbons were injected upstream of COHPAC and downstream of the ESP to obtain performance and operational data. Results were very encouraging, with up to 90% removal of Hg for short operating periods using powdered activated carbon (PAC). During the long-term tests, an average Hg removal efficiency of 78% was measured. The PAC injection rate for the long-term tests was chosen to maintain COHPAC cleaning frequency at less than 1.5 pulses/bag/hr. 相似文献
27.
Xiaoli Chen Nathan Emery Elizabeth S. Garcia Erin J. Hanan Heather E. Hodges Tyronne Martin Matthew A. Meyers Lindsey E. Peavey Hui Peng Jaime Sainz Santamaria Kellie A. Uyeda Sarah E. Anderson Christina Tague 《Environmental management》2013,52(6):1415-1426
Environmental regulations frequently mandate the use of “best available” science, but ensuring that it is used in decisions around the use and protection of natural resources is often challenging. In the Western US, this relationship between science and management is at the forefront of post-fire land management decisions. Recent fires, post-fire threats (e.g. flooding, erosion), and the role of fire in ecosystem health combine to make post-fire management highly visible and often controversial. This paper uses post-fire management to present a framework for understanding why disconnects between science and management decisions may occur. We argue that attributes of agencies, such as their political or financial incentives, can limit how effectively science is incorporated into decision-making. At the other end of the spectrum, the lack of synthesis or limited data in science can result in disconnects between science-based analysis of post-fire effects and agency policy and decisions. Disconnects also occur because of the interaction between the attributes of agencies and the attributes of science, such as their different spatial and temporal scales of interest. After offering examples of these disconnects in post-fire treatment, the paper concludes with recommendations to reduce disconnects by improving monitoring, increasing synthesis of scientific findings, and directing social-science research toward identifying and deepening understanding of these disconnects. 相似文献
28.
Rachael Hunter Robert Lane John Day Joel Lindsey Jason Day Montgomery Hunter 《Environmental management》2009,44(5):865-873
The relationship between nutrient removal and loading rate was examined using data from five forested wetlands in Louisiana
that have received secondarily treated effluent from 3 to 60 years. Loading rates ranged from 0.65 to 26.80 g/m2/yr for total nitrogen and 0.18 to 8.96 g/m2/yr for total phosphorus. At loading rates below 20 g/m2/yr, total nitrogen concentrations in surface waters of Louisiana forested wetlands were reduced to background concentrations
(i.e., ≤3 mg/l). Similarly, at loading rates below 2 g/m2/yr, total phosphorus concentrations were also generally reduced to background concentrations (i.e., ≤1 mg/l). These data
demonstrate that freshwater forested wetlands can reduce nutrient concentrations in treated effluent to background concentrations
present in relatively undisturbed wetlands. An understanding of the relationship between loading rates and nutrient removal
in natural wetlands is important, particularly in Louisiana where discharges of fresh water are being used in ecosystem restoration. 相似文献
29.
Lindsey L. Thurman John E. Gross Claudia Mengelt Erik A. Beever Laura M. Thompson Gregor W. Schuurman Christopher L. Hoving Julian D. Olden 《Conservation biology》2022,36(2):e13838
Adaptive capacity (AC)—the ability of a species to cope with or accommodate climate change—is a critical determinant of species vulnerability. Using information on species’ AC in conservation planning is key to ensuring successful outcomes. We identified connections between a list of species’ attributes (e.g., traits, population metrics, and behaviors) that were recently proposed for assessing species’ AC and management actions that may enhance AC for species at risk of extinction. Management actions were identified based on evidence from the literature, a review of actions used in other climate adaptation guidance, and our collective experience in diverse fields of global-change ecology and climate adaptation. Selected management actions support the general AC pathways of persist in place or shift in space, in response to contemporary climate change. Some actions, such as genetic manipulations, can be used to directly alter the ability of species to cope with climate change, whereas other actions can indirectly enhance AC by addressing ecological or anthropogenic constraints on the expression of a species’ innate abilities to adapt. Ours is the first synthesis of potential management actions directly linked to AC. Focusing on AC attributes helps improve understanding of how and why aspects of climate are affecting organisms, as well as the mechanisms by which management interventions affect a species’ AC and climate change vulnerability. Adaptive-capacity-informed climate adaptation is needed to build connections among the causes of vulnerability, AC, and proposed management actions that can facilitate AC and reduce vulnerability in support of evolving conservation paradigms. 相似文献
30.
Lindsey Swierk Matthew Ridgway Tracy Langkilde 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(7):1033-1043
Female choice can powerfully influence the evolution of male phenotypes. In territorial species, it is challenging to determine the targets of female choice because male traits (e.g., behavior and morphology) are often correlated with territory. We sought to elucidate if and how females specifically evaluate male traits in a territorial species. In this study, we presented female fence lizards, Sceloporus undulatus, with two potential mates to examine mate choice in the absence of territory cues. Females associated more with males possessing better body condition, longer heads, and wider throat badges, and that performed more shudder behavior, which females responded to by approaching shuddering males and performing push-ups. A post hoc decision tree analysis suggests that the strongest predictor of female association was an overall quality index that incorporates all of these traits, rather than individual traits. Male snout–vent length, head width, abdominal badge width, and push-up behavior did not affect female association. Further research on why these traits, which are known to correlate with fitness, do not appear to be used by females when selecting mates would improve our understanding of the evolution of male traits. Our study reveals that females of this territorial species possess the ability to use multiple male traits interactively to make fitness-relevant mate choice decisions in the absence of direct territory cues. 相似文献