都匀市降水pH值的变化趋势及特征分析

ｐＨ值是衡量降水酸性的重要指标。本文研究了都匀市降水ｐＨ值的变化趋势，并对其酸性降水的特征进行分析，提出了保护大气质量，降低酸雨频率的对策建议。     

A METHODOLOGY FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION ANALYSIS IN A STATE WATER RESOURCES PLANNING STUDY1

ABSTRACT: The paper presents a methodology for outdoor recreation analysis in a comprehensive State water resources planning study. This methodology applies to determination of recreation participation desires among the population, allocation of those desires to areas of potential resources within which they must be satisfied, comparison of the areal potential resources against the allocated desires to identify areas having recreational resource deficits or needs, and exploration of alternative solutions to the identified needs. Major elements discussed are: market area, inflow-outflow, resource desire determination and projection, resource desire allocation, facility inventory, resource desire-resource analysis and alternative solutions to identified needs of water-oriented outdoor recreation.     

三峡库区万州区段长江水中泥沙量对其水质的影响分析

长江三峡库区的生态环境及水质情况。随着三峡工程建设的不断深入而备受社会各界的瞩目。重庆市万州区地处三峡水库腹心地带。长江自西南向东北横穿万州区全境。过境流程83公里。万州区溪流纵横。水网密布，多数河流直接排入长江。而且在三峡库区大移民进程中有大量的移民集中在万州。在三峡大坝即将合龙之际，研究长江万州流域的水质情况无疑对指导库区的清理工作、生态环境建设等具有重大意义。本文对该地区的水污染源进行了初步考察。同时对万州区段长江流域的水质进行了探索性研究。发现该区水土流失情况较为严重，而且水中的泥沙含量与其COD水平有相关关系。江水中大部分的COD是由泥沙携带的有机物的贡献。     

AB法工艺在河东污水处理厂的应用

乌鲁木齐河东污水处理厂采用AB活性污泥工艺 ,设计日处理污水 2 0× 10 4m3 /d ,于 1997- 0 7投入运行 ,至今运行状况良好。本文介绍了该工程的工艺流程、设计参数、主要处理构筑物和运行情况 ,对运行中出现的问题进行了分析和探讨     

X-ray Microanalysis of Needles from Douglas Fir Growing in Environments of Contrasting Acidity

Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] shoots from mature trees were collected from two sites of contrasting soil pH: the Glendon campus of York University in Toronto, Canada (pH 6.7 at 40 cm) designated Can.; and Breuil Forest, Morvan, France (pH 4 to 4.5) designated Fr.. Needles were removed from the shoots, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and kept in a cryo-biological storage system prior to X-ray microanalysis on the cold stage (−170°C) of a cryo-SEM. Four elements detected, potassium, phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine, were ubiquitous in the needle tissues from both sites. Manganese was infrequently found in needle tissues from the Fr. site. Calcium was localized most heavily in the outer tangential wall of the hypodermis and also in the epidermal walls. Silicon (Si) concentrations were higher in the Fr. site than in the Can. site. The epidermis, hypodermis and mesophyll of needles from the Fr. site exhibited the highest Si content, with greater amounts in the tip and middle of the needle than in the base. Aluminium was distributed fairly evenly throughout the tissues, and there were few major sites of concentration.     

乌鲁木齐城市生态环境质量评价

以可持续发展理论为指导,结合生态城市建设要求提出了乌鲁木齐市生态环境质量评价指标体系.通过采用问卷调查法确定各指标的权重,运用生态满意度的方法,评价分析了乌鲁木齐市主要的生态环境问题,乌鲁木齐市的生态环境质量.结果表明,乌鲁木齐市的生态环境总体状况一般,自然环境较差.     

硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定空气中氯化氢的条件控制

硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定空气中氯化氢，方法试剂空白不稳定，控制显色温度和硫氰酸汞-乙醇溶液的制备是降低并稳定试剂空白的关键所在。本文使用0．40％硫氰酸汞-乙醇溶液，2cm或3cm比色皿，显色温度25℃左右，标准曲线斜率较高，线性关系和准确度较好。     

中美总量控制政策对比分析

通过对近些年美国和中国总量控制政策进行介绍,比较分析了两国总量控制政策的特点、实施的效果以及存在的问题,提出了我国今后污染物总量控制政策的几点建议。     

生态单元制图在国外自然保护和城乡规划中的发展与应用

生态单元制图作为景观生态学研究方法之一,能够提供研究区域内基础详细的、保护或规划定向的、便于使用的生物学和生态学信息,该方法已经成为一些国家自然保护和城乡规划工作的基本工具。论文首先简明介绍了生态单元的定义和功能以及制图的两种主要方法。着重探讨了生态单元制图在国外30多年不同阶段的发展历程,并分析了生态单元制图在自然保护和城乡规划中应用的3个方面:物种和生境保护、土地利用规划和管理以及不同尺度景观规划和管理。另外,论文还对生态单元制图中存在的问题和不足以及深入研究的思路进行探讨。目前生态单元制图研究中存在的问题主要集中在生态单元调查的主观性、制图比例尺和G IS技术等方面。最后分析了生态单元制图在我国的研究现状以及生态单元制图在我国自然保护和城乡规划中应用的前景。     

Growth and photosynthesis responses of Phaeodactylum tricornutum to dissolved organic matter from salt marsh plant and sediment

The effects of allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the growth and photosynthesis of Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated. P. tricornutum incubated in f/2 medium was exposed to DOM additives, which were extracted from the plant and sediment samples of a salt marsh in North Branch of the Yangtze estuary, China. During 12 days incubation, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P. tricornutum were measured by a Phyto-PAM phytoplankton analyzer. Spectral properties of DOM in algae filtrates were also observed. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, active chlorophyll a, and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II significantly decreased after four days of incubation, suggesting that the growth and photosynthetic e ciency of P. tricornutum were inhibited. After adding sediment-DOM extract, both a250/a365 (the ratio of the absorption coe cients at 250 and 365 nm) and S values (spectral slope coe cients) of algae filtrates declined in the first two days, which demonstrated a loss of low molecular weight DOM. Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra of DOM in algae filtrates revealed that DOM could be classified into two humic-like and two protein-like components. The fluorescence intensity of tyrosine-like component originating from algae increased significantly during incubation. This study supports the hypothesis that allochthonous DOM derived from salt marsh plant and sediment have a strong influence on the adjacent aquatic ecosystems.