Characterization of the Songhua River sediments and evaluation of their adsorption behavior for nitrobenzene

The explosion at a plant of the Jilin Petrochemical Corporation on 13 November,2005,and the spill of an estimated 100 t of toxic substances (nitrobenzene as the main component) into the Songhua River received worldwide attention.This study has focused on the adsorption behavior of nitrobenzene that spilled onto sediments along the Songhua River,which was one of the efforts to evaluate the fate of nitrobenzene after the spillage event.The organic carbon contents of these sediments along the Songhua River ...     

Indoor and outdoor BTX levels in Barcelona City metropolitan area and Catalan rural areas

Five aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and three isomeric xylenes) were monitored in indoor and outdoor air of 7 public buildings and 54 private homes, located in Barcelona City metropolitan area and in several rural areas of Catalonia. The sampling was carried out over four periods: spring-summer and winter of 2000, and summer and winter of 2001. Passive ORSA 5 Dra¨ger samplers were used for benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) adsorption. BTX were extracted with carbon disulphide and analysed using ...     

Improved speciation of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters: amide hydrolysis with fluorescence derivatization

The objective of this study was to improve primary-amine nitrogen (1°-N) quantification in dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from natural waters where inorganic forms of N, which may cause analytical interference, are commonly encountered. Efforts were targeted at elucidating organic-N structural criteria influencing the response of organic amines to known colorimetric and fluorescent reagents and exploring the use of divalent metal-assisted amide hydrolysis in combination with fluorescence analyse...     

Metabolism-independent chemotaxis of Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 toward aromatic compounds

Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 utilized methyl parathion or para-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy, and methyl parathion hydrolase had been previously characterized. Its chemotactic behaviors to aromatics were investigated. The results indicated that strain WBC-3 was attracted to multiple aromatic compounds, including metabolizable or transformable substrates PNP, 4-nitrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Disruption of PNP catabolic genes had no e?ect on its chemotactic behaviors w...     

4种动物养殖场空气中抗生素耐药菌的生物多样性及群落结构

动物集约化养殖场可向空气环境释放大量微生物,包括抗生素耐药菌甚至是耐药致病菌,危害动物和工人健康并污染周边空气环境.针对以上问题,本研究以四环素和红霉素耐药菌为例,对动物养殖场空气颗粒物负载抗生素耐药菌的生物多样性以及群落结构展开研究.基于高通量测序技术,对比分析动物舍内与舍外颗粒物,以及粪便样品中抗生素耐药菌的生物学差异,并研究驱动以上差异的关键菌属.结果表明,整体上养殖场空气颗粒物负载红霉素耐药菌的生物多样性高于四环素耐药菌,舍内空气颗粒物负载生物的多样性高于粪便样品.细颗粒物和粗颗粒物负载抗生素耐药菌的生物多样性和群落结构均无显著差异. Actinobacteria是导致红霉素耐药菌和其他细菌群落差异的关键菌门之一,Staphylococcus是四环素耐药菌群区别于红霉素耐药菌和全部细菌菌群的关键菌属之一.群落结构研究结果显示,四环素和红霉素耐药菌的优势菌群和群落结构没有显著差异.但粪便和空气颗粒物负载生物的群落结构在属水平上差异显著,优势菌门也有所不同.本研究结果将为准确评估动物养殖场空气环境中抗生素耐药菌污染现状及其生态风险提供基础数据.     

人工强制混合充氧及诱导自然混合对水源水库水质改善效果分析

为探究人工强制混合充氧与诱导持续混合对水质改善的影响及人工强制混合与自然混合的衔接条件,以李家河水库为例,于2017年6月至2019年4月开展水质及水文气象指标监测,分析自然过程及人工诱导混合过程各时期水温、溶解氧及水质变化特征.结果表明:①自然过程分层期持续时间长,混合期仅为2.5个月,人工诱导混合过程通过扬水曝气系统的运行, 9月底水体达到完全混合且进入降温期,诱导自然混合条件具备,表层水温、平均气温分别为20.17℃和16.5℃,此时系统关闭后水体持续自然混合,混合周期延长至5.5个月;②自然过程污染物浓度较高,混合期表层污染物浓度呈现先增加后降低的趋势,氧跃层伴随热分层出现,底部厌氧周期达6个月;③相较于自然过程,人工诱导混合过程水体等温层厌氧消除且污染物控制效果良好, 10月至翌年3月同期底层NH⁺₄-N、 TP、 Fe和Mn浓度的削减率为76.2%、 75.5%、 82.2%和82.1%,均达到地表水环境质量标准,人工诱导混合过程有利于水质改善及混合作用时效的延长.     

南黄海2007—2017年浮游植物群落结构及多样性变化

在2007-2017年秋季,利用专业海洋调查船对整个南黄海海域开展了5个航次的浮游植物调查。结果发现：调查海域共有浮游植物371种,隶属4门108属。其中硅藻门有56属237种,甲藻门有24属98种,硅藻和甲藻是组成南黄海海域浮游植物最主要的两大类群。主要优势种有裸甲藻（Gymnodinium sp.）、柔弱拟菱形藻（Nitz.delicatissima）、蓝隐藻（Chroomonas sp.）、菱形海线藻（Thalassionema nitzschioides）、锥状施克里普藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）和环沟藻（Gyrodinium spp.）等。2007年以来,南黄海浮游植物种类数呈明显上升趋势。浮游植物细胞密度平均为1.96×10⁴个/L,年际变化较大。将调查结果与众多文献比对,共发现9种藻类为中国新记录藻种,其中有4种硅藻和5种甲藻。     

日本污水脱氮除磷深度处理工艺分析

为提高进入琵琶湖水体水质和有效恢复并保持琵琶湖流域水生态环境,日本滋贺县10家下水道污水处理厂全部采用脱氮除磷深度处理工艺。湖南中部净化中心目前规模为26.85万t/d,采用缺氧-好氧循环硝化/反硝化(AO)、厌氧-缺氧-好氧(AAO)和多段进水多级缺氧-好氧硝化/反硝化(SMAO)3种深度处理工艺。AAO工艺是国内城镇污水处理厂广泛采用的二级生化工艺,AO、SMAO工艺在国内还没有应用实例。AO、AAO工艺采用内循环硝化/反硝化反应脱氮,SMAO工艺采用无内循环的多段进水多级硝化/反硝化反应脱氮。AO、SMAO工艺采用化学方式除磷,PAC添加浓度约50 mg/L。AAO工艺采用化学和生物组合方式除磷,PAC添加浓度降低到约30 mg/L。AO、AAO工艺出水BOD、CODMn、SS、TN和TP均值分别约为0.9 mg/L、5.2 mg/L、99.5%、78.0%和98.1%。SMAO工艺出水TN约为2.5 mg/L,TN去除率提高到91.6%,其他指标和AO、AAO工艺基本相同。     

改性糠醛渣吸附脱硫废水中钙离子

石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫技术中石灰石利用率低导致钙流失严重,为实现脱硫废水中Ca2+的资源化利用,进行糠醛渣改性和Ca2+的吸附特性研究。实验结果表明,利用H3PO4改性后的糠醛渣对脱硫废水中Ca2+具有较高的吸附率;在振荡的前30 min吸附率上升极快,至90 min时基本达到平衡吸附量;对Ca2+浓度对吸附率影响研究结果表明,平衡吸附量与平衡浓度关系符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;在初始Ca2+浓度为300 mg/L的溶液中加入3 g吸附剂,温度30℃条件下振荡90 min,平衡吸附量为8.41 mg/g。     

微生物絮凝剂M-C11处理高岭土悬浊液的响应曲面优化

采用响应曲面法对微生物絮凝剂M-C11处理高岭土悬浊液的过程参数进行优化,选取中心复合实验设计(CCD),以pH、M-C11投加量和CaCl2投加量等因素为自变量,以处理后的高岭土悬浊液絮凝率(Fr)为响应值,并借助扫描电镜对絮凝剂的作用机理进行初步探讨。结果表明,微生物絮凝剂M-C11可显著改善高岭土悬浊液的絮凝性能,且选取的3种单因素水平均可影响絮凝剂活性。经多元回归拟合分析,在M-C11投加量为2.56 mL,CaCl2 投加量为0.37 g/L的最优条件下,微生物絮凝活性实验值可达92.37%,接近模型预测值(92.30%)。CaCl2 投加量对絮凝效果的影响高于M-C11投加量(PCaCl2PM-C11)。Ca2+可中和高岭土颗粒表面负电荷,絮凝剂分子为悬浮颗粒提供吸附结合位点,促进絮体凝聚沉淀,M-C11絮凝机理是电中和、吸附架桥和网捕等联合作用的结果。