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311.
Treatment of effluent from re‐refined lubricating oils by combined processes of coagulation,flocculation, and Fenton process
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Lucas Pisoni da Silva Silvio Roberto Taffarel Fernanda Rosa da Silveira Fagner Tafarel Campos de Sá Luís Felipe Silva Oliveira 《环境质量管理》2018,27(4):135-141
This work examines the possibility and the potential application of physicochemical processes (coagulation and flocculation) and advanced oxidative processes (Fenton Process) in the treatment of effluents from the re‐refining of used lubricating oils. 相似文献
312.
Péter László Pap Gábor Árpád Czirják Csongor István Vágási Zoltán Barta Dennis Hasselquist 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(10):891-901
Difference between sexes in parasitism is a common phenomenon among birds, which may be related to differences between males and females in their investment into immune functions or as a consequence of differential exposure to parasites. Because life-history strategies change sex specifically during the annual cycle, immunological responses of the host aiming to reduce the impact of parasites may be sexually dimorphic. Despite the great complexity of the immune system, studies on immunoecology generally characterise the immune status through a few variables, often overlooking potentially important seasonal and gender effects. However, because of the differences in physiological and defence mechanisms among different arms of the immune system, we expect divergent responses of immune components to environmental seasonality. In male and female house sparrows (Passer domesticus), we measured the major components of the immune system (innate, acquired, cellular and humoral) during four important life-history stages across the year: (1) mating, (2) breeding, (3) moulting and (4) during the winter capture and also following introduction to captivity in aviary. Different individuals were sampled from the same population during the four life cycle stages. We found that three out of eight immune variables showed a significant life cycle stage × sex interaction. The difference in immune response between the sexes was significant in five immune variables during the mating stage, when females had consistently stronger immune function than males, while variables varied generally non-significantly with sex during the remaining three life cycle stages. Our results show that the immune system is highly variable between life cycle stages and sexes, highlighting the potential fine tuning of the immune system to specific physiological states and environmental conditions. 相似文献
313.
Estefanía Bonnail Lucas M. Buruaem Lucas G. Morais Giuliana S. Araujo Denis M. S. Abessa Aguasanta M. Sarmiento T. Ángel DelValls 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(4):1465-1480
The Ribeira de Iguape River (Southeast Brazil) is metal contaminated by mining activities. Despite it has been cataloged as “in via of restoration” by the literature, this basin is still a sink of pollution in some segments of the fluvial system. This study aimed to assess the sediment quality in the lower part of the RIR basin. The employed approach was based on biological responses of the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea after 7-day exposure bioassays using as the reference site the Perequê Ecological Park. Toxic responses (burial activity and lethality) and biochemical biomarkers (GST, GR, GPx, LPO, MTs, AChE and DNA damage) were evaluated and then integrated with metal bioavailability and chemical concentrations to address the sediment quality in the area through the weight-of-evidence approach. A multivariate analysis identified linkages between biological responses and contamination. Results pointed that, despite being below the benchmarks of the US Environmental Protection Agency, there is slight metal contamination in the lower part of the basin which induces oxidative stress in C. fluminea; other toxic responses were sometimes attributed to As and Cr bioaccumulation. The sediment quality values (TEL–PEL values in mg/kg) were calculated for the current study for As (0.63–1.31), Cr (3.5–11.05), Cs (1.0–1.17), Cu (6.32–7.32), Ni (6.78–7.46), Ti (42.0–215), V (1.77–8.00). By comparison with other international guidelines, the sediment quality of the lower basin of the Vale de Ribeira does not identify a significant environmental risk. 相似文献
314.
Amy C. Dolan Michael T. Murphy Lucas J. Redmond Debbie Duffield 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(10):1527-1537
Sex allocation theory predicts that if variance in reproductive success differs between the sexes, females who are able to
produce high-quality young should bias offspring sex ratio towards the sex with the higher potential reproductive success.
We tested the hypothesis that high-quality (i.e., heavy) female eastern kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus) that bred early in the breeding season would produce male-biased clutches. A significant opportunity for sexual selection
also exists in this socially monogamous but cryptically polygamous species, and we predicted that successful extra-pair (EP)
sires would be associated with an excess of male offspring. Although population brood sex ratio did not differ from parity,
it increased significantly with female body mass and declined with female breeding date, but was independent of the morphology
and display (song) behavior (correlates of reproductive success) of social males and EP sires. Male offspring were significantly
heavier than female offspring at fledging. Moreover, the probability that male offspring were resighted in subsequent years
declined with breeding date, and was greater in replacement clutches, but lower when clutch size was large. Probability of
resighting female offspring varied annually, but was independent of all other variables. Given that variance in reproductive
success of male kingbirds is much greater than that of females, and that male offspring are more expensive to produce and
have a higher probability of recruitment if fledged early in the season, our results support predictions of sex allocation
theory: high-quality (heavy) females breeding when conditions were optimal for male recruitment produced an excess of sons. 相似文献
315.
Francisco Luiza Flavia Veiga do Amaral Crispim Bruno Spósito Juliana Caroline Vivian Solórzano Julio César Jut Maran Nayara Halimy Kummrow Fábio do Nascimento Valter Aragão Montagner Cassiana Carolina De Oliveira Kelly Mari Pires Barufatti Alexeia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24581-24594
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwaters are normally consumed without previous treatment and therefore the monitoring of contaminants in order to guarantee its safety is... 相似文献
316.
Diego Simón Ana Maria Borreguero Antonio de Lucas Carolina Molero Juan Francisco Rodríguez 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(3):525-532
Flexible polyurethane foams can be advantageously treated by two-phase glycolysis in order to recover polyols with improved quality. The bottom phase obtained, which contains highly toxic reaction by-products and the excess glycol, presents an environmental and economic problem which should be solved. The main purpose of this work is the development of process for the valorization of these by-products, converting them in non-dangerous and profitable substances. For this process, most of the glycol can be recovered by means of vacuum distillation in order to reuse it in the glycolysis. On the other hand, the vacuum residue, containing the isocyanate part of the glycolysis by-products, was assayed as initiator in the synthesis of new polyols. Propoxylation of the initiator was carried out in different experimental conditions to obtain several polyether-polyols. Rigid polyurethane foams with suitable technical properties were synthesized with those polyols synthesized with the dangerous glycolysis by-products. 相似文献
317.
Lisa Lalouette Marie-Anne Pottier Marie-Anne Wycke Constance Boitard Françoise Bozzolan Annick Maria Elodie Demondion Thomas Chertemps Philippe Lucas David Renault Martine Maibeche David Siaussat 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(4):3073-3085
Pesticides have long been used as the main solution to limit agricultural pests, but their widespread use resulted in chronic or diffuse environmental pollutions, development of insect resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of low residual doses of these chemical products on organisms that affect both targeted species (crop pests) but also beneficial insects became a major concern, particularly because low doses of pesticides can induce unexpected positive—also called hormetic—effects on insects, leading to surges in pest population growth at greater rate than what would have been observed without pesticide application. The present study aimed to examine the effects of sublethal doses of deltamethrin, one of the most used synthetic pyrethroids, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the peripheral olfactory system and sexual behavior of a major pest insect, the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. We highlighted here a hormetic effect of sublethal dose of deltamethrin on the male responses to sex pheromone, without any modification of their response to host-plant odorants. We also identified several antennal actors potentially involved in this hormetic effect and in the antennal detoxification or antennal stress response of/to deltamethrin exposure. 相似文献
318.
This paper describes a four-year programme of “action research” (AR) undertaken with six communities in the UK, referred to as the Evaluating Low-Carbon Communities (EVALOC) project. The research combined a programme of research events with phased household-level monitoring of energy and carbon-reduction interventions. The carbon-reduction interventions were funded by the UK’s Department of Energy and Climate Change prior to the onset of the research. AR has recently been adopted within the context of environmental behaviour change programmes in the UK, with a number of methodological challenges. The EVALOC project’s challenges included developing a collaborative research design; building reciprocity between the researchers and research participants; dealing with biases and burdens in the research process; ensuring analytical rigour in the interpretation of the primarily qualitative evidence and dealing with the long-term and process-driven outcomes that arise from such interactions. This paper explores and discusses the challenges of AR in relation to selected research outcomes from EVALOC. We conclude by suggesting that the AR approach has helped to build capacity in the participating low-carbon communities (LCCs), through supporting the design, delivery and evaluation of their energy and carbon-reduction activities. 相似文献
319.
Martín M. Dávila-Jiménez Esmeralda García-Díaz Miguel González M. E. Mendoza M. J. Robles-Águila 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(8):538-546
Carbofuran is a toxic carbamate pesticide, and its use has increased in recent years. While marketing information indicates stability in different chemical media, carbofuran exhibits relative photolability. The aim of this research was to decompose carbofuran and to identify the photoproducts achieved when two different doped titania photocatalysts were employed under UV irradiation. The iron-doped TiO2 materials were obtained (a) via a hydrothermal method and (b) by an ultrasound-assisted sol–gel method. The precursors were TiOSO4?xH2O and Fe3(NO3)·9H2O. X-ray studies confirmed that the anatase phase of the iron-doped TiO2 resulted from the two preparation methods. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared materials was monitored by LC/ESI-QTOF-MS, enabling the identification of photoproducts: oxo-carbamates, hydroxylated benzofuranes, a carboxamide, and one amine. By using the iron-doped TiO2 materials, 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3,7-diol was the most abundant photoproduct, and N,2,2-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-amine was the only compound that had not been previously reported in the photolysis and photocatalysis of carbofuran. The product 3-hydroxy carbofuran, a cholinesterase inhibitor, was quantified and was found to be transformed into compounds that lack this inhibitive property. 相似文献
320.
Gilberto Fuentes García Humberto Bravo Álvarez Rodolfo Sosa Echeverría Sergio Rosas de Alba Víctor Magaña Rueda Ernesto Caetano Dosantos 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2017,67(9):973-985
Atmospheric mercury in the environment as a result of the consumption of fossil fuels, such as coal used in electricity generation, has gained increased attention worldwide because of its toxicity, atmospheric persistence, and bioaccumulation. Determining or predicting the concentration of this pollutant in ambient air is essential for determining sensitive areas requiring health protection. This study investigated the spatiotemporal variability of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations and its dry deposition surrounding the Presidente Plutarco Elías Calles (CETEPEC) coal-fired power plant, located on Mexico’s Pacific coast. The CALPUFF dispersion model was applied on the basis of the daily consumption of coal during 2013 for each generating unit in the power plant and considering the local scale. The established 300-ng/m3 annual average risk factor considered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (U.S. DHHS) and Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) must not be exceeded to meet satisfactory air quality levels. An area of 65 × 60 km was evaluated, and the results show that the risk level for mercury vapor was not exceeded because the annual average concentration was 2.8 ng/m3. Although the predicted risk level was not exceeded, continuous monitoring studies of GEM and of particulates in the atmosphere, soil, and water may be necessary to identify the concentration of this pollutant, specifically that resulting from coal-fired power plants operated in environmental areas of interest in Mexico. The dry mercury deposition was low in the study area; according to the CALPUFF model, the annual average was 1.40E?2 ng/m2/sec. These results represent a starting point for Mexico’s government to implement the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which Mexico signed in 2013.Implications: The obtained concentrations of mercury from a bigger coal-fired plant in Mexico, through the application of the CALPUFF dispersion model by the mercury emissions, are below the level recommended according to the US Department of Health and Human Services and Integrated Risk Information System. These results provide evidence of important progress in the planning and installation to the future of monitoring mercury stations in the area of interest. 相似文献