Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China

The problem of pollution by phthalates is of global concern due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and endocrine disruption properties. The contamination by phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in 23 arable soils throughout China was investigated to evaluate the present pollution situation. The survey results demonstrated that phthalates were ubiquitous pollutants in soils in China. The total concentrations of phthalates differed from one location to another, and ranged from 0.89 to 10.03 mg kg(-1) with a median concentration of 3.43 mg kg(-1). Among the phthalates, DEHP was dominant and detected in all 23 soils. DEP and DBP were also in abundance, and DMP was rarely detected. Similar contamination patterns were observed in all 23 soils. A distinct feature of phthalate pollution in China was that the average concentration in northern China was higher than that in southern China. In addition, a close relationship was observed between the concentration of phthalates in soils and the consumption of agricultural film. The correlation showed that the application of agriculture film might be a significant pollution source of phthalates in arable soils of China. The potential risk of phthalates in soils was assessed on the basis of current guide values and limits.     

悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定土壤、底泥中的铅、镓、钴、镍

介绍一种悬浮液进样直接测定土壤、底泥中多种微量金属元素的快速分析方法。基体改进剂的使用，适宜的原子化温度的选择，使用水相标准溶液作校准曲线成为可能．对标准作品的测定证明了此方法的精密度和准确度较好，适合于常规环境样品分析．     

用科学管理的手段控制呼和浩特市二氧化硫污染

呼市的二氧化硫污染比较严重，呼市政府结合城市建设，确定了污染源控制思路，强化管理，二氧化硫的治理工作取得了显著成绩，已达到国家空气质量二级标准。本文分析了目前二氧化硫防治面临的问题，对进一步开展治理工作提出了有益的建议和对策。     

加强环境保护经济手段研究

环境污染和生态破坏在一些地区已经成为危害人民健康,制约经济发展和社会稳定的一个重要因素.应用经济手段是实现环境质量改善和有效持续利用资源的重要途径.研究和探索环境保护的经济手段,借鉴发达国家的经验,实施新型环境保护管理模式,实现环境保护和经济发展"双赢",实现可持续发展战略.     

二氧化硫对棉花叶片光谱反射特性的影响

在动态熏气箱中对棉株进行SO_2处理(2ppm,8小时).测定叶片光谱反射率和微分光谱.受SO_2伤害的棉叶光谱反射率发生变化:在可见光部分,反射率普遍增加;在近红外部分,反射率降低.整个光谱反射曲线发生蓝移,初步确定几个波段可用于区别污染的与正常的棉叶光谱反射特性.     

Streamwater chemistry and flow dynamics along vegetation-soil gradient in a subalpine Abies fabri forest watershed, China

Streamwater chemistry and spatial flow dynamics from a subalpine Abies fabri forest in an experimental watershed located in the east slope of Gongga Mountain were analyzed to gain insights into the gradient effect of primary community succession on the stream biogeochemical process. Results showed that high sand content (exceeding 80%) and porosity in the soil(exceeding 20% in A horizon and 35% in B horizon), as well as a thick humus layer on the soil surface, made the water exchange quickly in the Huangbengliu (HBL) watershed. Consequently, no surface runoff was observed, and the stream discharge changed rapidly with the daily precipitation. The flow trends of base ions in the stream water were influenced by the Abies fabri succession gradient. Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2,- were the dominant anions in the streamwater in this region. A significant difference of Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2- concentration exported between the succession stages in the watershed can be found. But they had the similar temporal change in the stream flow. Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2- showed significantly negative correlations with the daily precipitation and the stream discharge. Concentrations of Cl^- , Na^ , K^ , and Mg^2 were low in all streamwaters monitored and we observed no differences along the Abies fabri succession gradient. Low ratios of Na. (Na Ca) (range from 0.1 to 0.2) implied cations were from bedrock weathering (internal source process in the soil system) in this region. But, a variance analysis showed there were almost no differences between rainwater and streamwaters for Mg^2 , Na^ , K^ , and Cl^- concentrations. This indicated that they might be come from rainfall inputs(external source). The highly mobile capacity, rapid water exchange between precipitation and discharge, and long-term export lead to this observed pattern were suggested.     

典型耐候钢在江津大气环境中暴晒1 a的腐蚀行为

目的 研究3种典型耐候钢在江津大气环境中暴晒1 a的初期腐蚀行为。方法 采用户外大气挂片、腐蚀质量损失、SEM、XRD、电化学等方法,研究Q355NH、Q460FRW、Q690的腐蚀速率、锈层形貌、锈层物相和锈层电阻,并与Q345碳钢进行对比。结果 耐候钢和碳钢在大气暴晒初期的腐蚀规律是一致的,Q355NH、Q460FRW、Q690和Q345碳钢的腐蚀速率分别为0.050 9、0.053 6、0.047 8、0.055 mm/a,Q690的腐蚀速率最小,约为碳钢的87%。耐候钢和碳钢的锈层都主要由α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH和Fe₂O₃组成,耐候钢的锈层更致密,裂纹更少。Q355NH、Q460FRW、Q690的锈层电阻值分别为821.3、1 005、1 080?·cm²,碳钢为101.68?·cm²,耐候钢的锈层电阻值约为碳钢的10倍。Cr和Cu元素在耐候钢的锈层中富集明显。结论 耐候钢的腐蚀速率低于碳钢,3种耐候钢的耐蚀性顺序为Q690>Q355NH>Q460FRW。Cr和Cu元素在...     

冰封期呼伦湖浮游藻类群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系

为探讨冰封状态下呼伦湖的水生态系统演变过程,2015年12月—2016年3月环湖设置6个采样点进行浮游藻类及湖水水质的监测。浮游藻类以绿藻门Chlorophyta种类最多(52.5%),其次为硅藻门Bacillariophyta(29.8%),蓝藻门Cyanophyta(10.5%)。物种丰富度和3种生物多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数)从12月至次年3月呈下降趋势。浮游藻类丰度自12月至次年3月呈现上升趋势。典范对应分析(CCA)排序结果表明:NH₃-N、TN、TP、电导率、DO、BOD₅、CODMn和pH是影响呼伦湖浮游藻类群落结构特征的主要环境因子,其中,NH₃-N、TN和TP分别对硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门的影响较大。     

Performance of maize plant reconstruction and storage nutrient mobilization induced by liquid phase of anaerobically digested pig manure

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Agricultural application of liquid phase of digestate (LPD) after solid–liquid separation is thought to be a reasonable disposal approach....     

大九湖泥炭磁化率及腐殖化度记录的18.7 Ka BP气候变化

神农架大九湖泥炭沼泽是中纬度亚热带地区的高山泥炭沼泽,其连续沉积的泥炭剖面蕴含了丰富的气候变化信息,对揭示我国中纬度地区不同时间尺度的气候环境变化有着重要意义。使用碱提取溶液吸光度法对大九湖泥炭吸光度进行测定,以E4/E6比值表征腐殖化度,同时测定了泥炭的磁化率,通过AMS14C测年技术建立了神农架大九湖泥炭地的年代序列,结合区域的其他气候代用指标,分析大九湖泥炭磁化率与腐殖化度E4/E6的古气候意义：大九湖泥炭频率磁化率值高指示气候冷干,降水量小;磁化率值偏低指示气候暖湿,降水量大。E4/E6值高,腐殖化度低,指示气候冷干;值低,腐殖化度高,指示气候暖湿。探讨大九湖地区末次冰消期以来的气候变化,重建该区18.7 Ka BP 的气候演化过程：末次冰期结束期（18.7~11.7 Ka BP）气候比较冷干,期间存在气候冷暖干湿交替波动;全新世（11.7~0 Ka BP）以来,气温开始回升,气候比较暖湿,期间也存在突发性降温事件,其中,全新世早期（11.7~9.3 Ka BP）气候冷暖干湿交替波动,总体冷湿;全新世中期（9.3~3.5 Ka BP）气候暖湿;全新世晚期（3.5~0 Ka BP）气候温干。 关键词： 泥炭;磁化率;E4/E6;大九湖;气候变化