GIS与大气环境模型集成研究与实践

通过对地理信息系统和大气环境质量模型结合客观需求的分析 ,探讨了二者在不同层次上的集成模式 ,提出了地理信息系统和大气质量模型集成系统的体系框架。以这些理论研究为基础 ,进行了地理信息系统和大气质量模型紧密结合模式的系统软件设计与开发     

土壤和河流沉积物中硫的形态分析

建立了土壤和河流沉积物中硫的形态分析方法。应用分级萃取技术分离水溶性硫、吸附性硫、盐酸可溶性硅和盐酸挥发性硫;用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定不同形态硫和总硫,由差减法测得有机硫。该方法的优点是操作简单,可应用于大批土壤和河流沉积物中不同形态硫的测定。     

Chemical speciation and anthropogenic sources of ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs)during summer in Beijing,2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sites in Beijing in August, 2004. Up to 148 VOC species, including C₃ to C₁₂ alkanes, C₃ to C₁₁ alkenes, C₆ to C₁₂ aromatics, and halogenated hydrocarbons, were quantified. Although the concentrations differed at the sites, the chemical compositions were similar, except for the Tongzhou site where aromatics were significantly high in the air. Based on the source profiles measured from previous studies, the source apportionment of ambient VOCs was preformed by deploying the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The results show that urban VOCs are predominant from mobile source emissions, which contribute more than 50% of the VOCs (in mass concentrations) to ambient air at most sites. Other important sources are gasoline evaporation, painting, and solvents. The exception is at the Tongzhou site where vehicle exhaust, painting, and solvents have about equal contribution, around 35% of the ambient VOC concentration. As the receptor model is not valid for deriving the sources of reactive species, such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, other methodologies need to be further explored.     

降雨──产流过程与氮、磷流失特征研究

以于桥水库流域为例,通过人工降雨模拟实验与天然降雨径流过程监测,对所获主要营养盐物质－氮、磷的监测数据进行归纳、分析、验证,得出氮、磷随径流过程的输出特下,变化趋势、共性与差异,以及主要影响因子对氮、磷流失的影响过程与原因分析,为水体富化的防治研究提供依据。     

聚合氯化铝的27Al NMR研究

聚合氯化铝(PAC)是一种水处理混凝剂,七十年代以来已在我国、日本及其它一些画家得到应用。这种混凝剂是铝离子的水解聚合产物,有较高的铝含量及较大的羟铝比。我们用~(27)Al NMR(核磁共振)法对PAC及其水稀释物中铝的形态进行初步研究,以了解稀释对PAC组成变化的影响。     

水污染造成的水资源价值损失分析——以福州市第二水源山仔水库为例

该文讨论了水资源的价值及价格，在回顾已有的水污染经济损失计算模型的基础上，应用L．D詹姆斯等模型，对山仔水库地区水污染趋势进行分疥，并估算其污染造成的价值损失。     

Landscape dynamitic change in Mu Us Desert derived from Landsat TM data

Landscpae ecology emphasizes large areas and ecological effects of the spatial patterning of ecosystem.Recent developments in landscape ecology emphasized the important relationship between spatial patterns and many ecological processes.Quantitative methods in landscape ecology link spatial patterns and ecological processes at broad spatial and temporal scales.In turn the increased attention on temoral change of ecosystem has highlighted the need for quantitative methods that can analyze patterns.This research applies quantitative methods-change detection to assess the ecosystem temporal change in the arid and semiarid area.Remote sensing offers the temporal change of ecosystem on landscape characteristics.     

中国近代大震系列与预测

本文研究了中国近代的三列大震系列.在它们发生之前都出现过强震系列.在地震预报中,使用强震系列与大震系列及其公式:Ni'=Ni-k'/(1-b)k可以预报强震与大震.利用强震系列的相关性,预测大震系列也是有益的.     

一个设计海洋标量场中观测点空间分布的方法

本文给出一个计算标量场中变量在分析点上的真值与这一点上分析值之间偏差的方法，使用这个方法，通过试错调整观测点的分布，可以设计出标量场中观测点空间结构的理想阵列。使用该阵列有限个点上的观测值可以客观地分析出该变量的瞬间空间分布，使它与其真值之间的偏差达到最小值。     

Relative sensitivities of woody plants to acid deposition in south areas of China

Relative sensitivities of 30 species of common woody plants to simulated acid rain with pH values of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.5 and control were studied. The results showed that 6 species of these plants were sensitive to simulated acid rain. The moderate included 18 species. The resistant included 6. Relative sensitivities to ambient acid rain and air pollutants and visible injury degree of 30 species of common woody plants in Chongqing City were investigated. Results showed that 6 species with foliage lesion rate at above 10 percent were sensitive, that 6 species with no lesion were resistant and that other 18 species with lesion at 10 percent below were moderate. Other 7 cities (Guiyang, Zunyi, Duyun, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Liuzhou and Guilin City) were also investigated and results were consistent with those of Chongqing City. The experimental and investigated results showed relative sensitivities and visible injury degree of woody plants to simulated acid rain were consistent with those of the woody plant