Flow depth,velocity, and sediment motions in a straight widened channel with vegetated floodplains

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Experiments were conducted in a straight channel that widens from a single channel to a compound channel based on a real navigation channel with a similar shape in a...     

An impact assessment of energy undesirable output on climate-carrying capacity: a case study of Shanghai

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is important to evaluate the impact of undesirable energy output on the climate-carrying capacity of the power grid-based economy to promote the...     

污水处理厂恶臭气体产排规律及除臭菌群分布研究

针对污水处理过程中所产生的恶臭气体,对不同处理单元的臭气变化规律、生物除臭系统除臭效果及微生物菌群变化进行了研究,并以恶臭气体在构筑物间的含量、生物除臭反应器内填料和喷淋液上的微生物菌群作为研究对象进行分析.研究发现,硫化氢气体在曝气沉砂池含量最高,经处理后浓度低于1.5?mg/m3;氨气在进水区含量较高,经处理后远低...     

二甲苯、蒽、苯并[α]芘对虾夷扇贝幼贝血清SOD、CAT活性的影响

以虾夷扇贝(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)为受试生物,设置3种不同浓度的二甲苯、蒽、苯并[α]芘处理健康的虾夷扇贝,检测血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化情况,结果发现:0.01~1.0 mg·L~(-1)的二甲苯、0.002~0.2 mg·L~(-1)的蒽、0.001~0.1 mg·L~(-1)的苯并[α]芘处理6、12 h后,虾夷扇贝血清SOD活性升高,处理12 h后对血清SOD活性诱导率均高于处理6 h的;处理6 h后,血清CAT活性降低,而处理12 h后,血清CAT活性升高;具有显著的剂量-效应关系和时效关系,表明二甲苯、蒽、苯并[α]芘对虾夷扇贝具有氧化胁迫作用,可能导致其氧化损伤。相关性分析发现,3种污染物处理6 h后,血清SOD活性与CAT活性变化呈显著负相关;而处理12 h后,血清SOD活性与CAT活性变化呈显著正相关。上述结果为开展二甲苯、蒽、苯并[α]芘对海洋贝类毒性评价提供基础数据。     

吡虫啉对蜜蜂幼虫的室内毒性研究

吡虫啉是目前使用最广泛的新烟碱类农药,其不合理使用破坏蜜蜂的嗅觉记忆能力,影响采集行为,导致多种亚致死效应。利用室内人工饲养蜜蜂幼虫技术,选取意大利蜜蜂幼虫为研究对象,经3 d适应性饲养后,连续3 d喂食含不同浓度的吡虫啉日粮,测定蜜蜂幼虫的存活率、化蛹率和羽化率,评估吡虫啉对蜜蜂幼虫生长发育影响。结果表明,吡虫啉处理剂量为15ng·幼虫~(-1)时,并不影响蜜蜂幼虫存活率、化蛹率和羽化率;当处理剂量达到150 ng·幼虫~(-1)时,蜜蜂幼虫羽化率下降,但不影响蜜蜂幼虫的存活率和化蛹率;幼虫7 d半数致死剂量为2 300 ng·幼虫~(-1)。高剂量吡虫啉对蜜蜂幼虫存活率、化蛹率和羽化率均存在影响,处理剂量越高,存活率、化蛹率和羽化率越低,呈高度负相关(r=-0.99,-0.94,-0.89),同时蜜蜂幼虫的羽化时间延长。研究可为吡虫啉的合理使用提供科学参考。     

Sb(Ⅲ)与腐殖酸络合特征

采用平衡透析法和D_om(浓度分配系数)研究土壤提取的HA(腐殖酸)与Sb(Ⅲ)的络合特征及作用机理. 结果表明:在Sb(Ⅲ)与HA络合过程中,4h左右透析管内外ρ〔Sb(Ⅲ)〕达到物理平衡,72h左右达到络合平衡状态. 当pH为4.0时,D_om最大达7.33L/g,Sb(Ⅲ)与HA络合能力最强;当pH为2.0~4.0时,Sb(Ⅲ)与HA的络合能力几乎不受pH影响;当pH为5.0~8.0时,Sb(Ⅲ)与HA的络合能力随着pH的增大而显著减小;当pH为4.0时,Sb(Ⅲ)与HA之间的络合能力随着HA溶液中ρ(DOC)的增加而加强. 红外光谱表征反应物的研究结果证明,HA与Sb(Ⅲ)的结合点主要发生在羧基和酚羟基之间.      

Water shortages and countermeasures for sustainable utilisation in the context of climate change in the Yellow River Delta region,China

With an increasing population and rapid development of the economy and society of the Yellow River Basin region, the Yellow River is at crisis point. The discrepancy between supply and demand of water resources is a key issue. In 2000–2006, the mean annual discharge of the Yellow River entering the delta was 13.2 billion m³, a reduction of 18.6 billion m³ compared with the 1980s, and 9 billion m³ less than in the 1990s. The water requirements of various sectors are increasing. Large amounts of water essential to maintain the health of the delta ecosystem have been diverted for other users. The lower river channel is shrinking and the threat of flooding is becoming severe. Moreover, water pollution is increasing to a serious level; the river mouth ecosystem is subject to degradation. Due to overall decreased flow into the delta, and almost no flow into the delta for much of the year except in wet periods, biodiversity is threatened and there has been degradation of the ecological environment. In view of the water scarcity and variation in water supply, particularly in the context of climate change, measures need to be taken to realise sustainable water use in the Yellow River Delta region. In view of the lack of a complete index system for sustainable utilisation of regional water resources in China, this paper examines the major countermeasures for sustainable water use in the region. A rational adjustment mechanism for water prices is needed. Adjustment of agricultural infrastructure and water saving need to be directed by water prices, and thus the reasonable exploitation of groundwater must also be directed by water prices. Participation of the public is to be encouraged, with the development of a water user association that will become involved in formulating water rights, water allocation and water prices. Decision-making, management and supervision of this association will be done in a democratic way to promote the social management of water saving.     

注水泵房噪声控制设计应用研究

在声强法分析声源声功率的基础上,确定风冷电机进、出风口为噪声控制重点,进行消声器的实验设计及评价.     

14种工业化学品对土壤跳虫的慢性毒性效应

以跳虫Folsomia candida为受试物种,基于其28 d繁殖实验评价了不同类型包括全氟类、卤系阻燃剂类、化学镀剂类、抗菌剂类、染料类及新关注类共14种化学品的慢性毒性效应.结果表明,在所设浓度范围内,所有物质对跳虫繁殖均存在不同程度的抑制效应.抗菌剂对氯间二甲酚对跳虫慢性毒性最大,对跳虫繁殖毒性的EC50为10.0 mg·kg-1;其次为全氟类的两种物质,全氟十三烷酸、全氟十二烷酸对跳虫繁殖毒性的EC50分别为44.8、49.6 mg·kg-1;新关注类的二苯甲酮、苯并噻唑毒性也较强,对跳虫繁殖毒性的EC50分别为61.4、73.0 mg·kg-1;染料类中的直接蓝71、活性艳红KE-3B等物质的毒性均较弱,在最高浓度(500 mg·kg-1)处理下也未能达到对跳虫繁殖的半数抑制效应.     

辽宁典型海域表层海水中在用化学农药浓度水平与潜在生态风险

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪分析了辽宁典型海域表层海水中14种在用化学农药（current use pesticides,CUPs）浓度水平,探讨了CUPs的可能来源,并评估其潜在生态风险.结果表明,辽宁典型海域表层海水中共检出7种CUPs,总浓度水平范围为16.7~176.1 ng·L^-1,高值区域主要位于河流入海口,辽东湾西部海域CUPs检出浓度普遍高于黄海东北部海域.除草剂阿特拉津（atrazine）和杀菌剂三唑醇（triadimenol）在检出7种CUPs中占比最高,贡献率分别为56.0%和34.5%.源解析表明,6种CUPs可能来源于农田退水等径流输入和生产化学农药的工厂废水排放等,水果种植业则可能是单一组分乙草胺（acetochlor）的重要贡献源.除草剂阿特拉津和乙草胺对研究海域微藻存在中等-高风险,7种CUPs对无脊椎动物和鱼类的风险均处于较低水平.