Optimization of ethylenediamine-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for solid-phase extraction of lead cations

Introduction  

Ethylenediamine-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-EDA-I and MWCNTs-EDA-II) are optimized and employed to investigate the preconcentration of lead ions (Pb(II)) in trace level.     

不同水力负荷下塘-湿地组合处理系统对再生水磷的净化效果

通过研究天津市空港经济区塘湿地组合处理系统对区内污水处理厂MBR出水（再生水）的净化过程,探讨再生水总磷（TP）及活性磷（SRP）的净化效果。研究表明：MBR出水SRP含量较高,SRP/TP高达84%。在3个水力负荷100、150及200 m³/d下,系统对磷均保持良好的处理效果,TP浓度由1.64 mg/L降至0.36 mg/L,SRP浓度由1.30 mg/L降至0.28 mg/L。同时,系统SRP/TP由进水的84%降至出水的54.5%,SRP去除效果显著。再生水中SRP含量较高的问题通过塘湿地组合处理系统得到了良好的解决,从而有效降低再生水回用景观水体所带来的藻华风险。     

用于气溶胶采样预分离的直流式旋风分离器

频繁的滤材堵塞是大气气溶胶采样器(流量大于500 m3/h)运行中常见的问题,安装预分离器是缓解这一问题的有效途径之一。研究了可用于这种气溶胶取样器预分离的旋风分离器,确定了使用轴流进气直流式的结构。在惯性分离理论的基础上,提出了切割粒径的计算方法。建立了流量为700～800 m3/h的预分离器性能测试装置和方法,并对3个旋风分离器性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:3个旋风分离器的切割粒径在12～14.5μm,与计算较好地符合;性能最佳的旋风分离器的切割粒径为14.5μm,10μm颗粒的透过率为73%,符合技术要求。     

活性炭表面改性及其对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能

以HNO3、NaOH、FeCl3和海藻酸钠(SA)为改性剂,采用浸渍法制备了6种改性粉末活性炭,研究其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明,以FeCl3直接改性和NaOH/FeCl3复合改性的粉末活性炭(分别标记为PAC-3和PAC-6)对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附能力最强,在室温(20±1)℃下,处理质量浓度为30 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)溶液25 mL,pH为4.02,PAC-3用量为0.25 g,静置吸附90 min,吸附率可达98%,吸附后的PAC-3可用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液洗脱,可回收Cr(Ⅵ)。共存物质中,NaNO3和PO34-对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附基本无影响,Na2CO3和Na2SO4有抑制作用,其中Na2CO3抑制作用最大。初步推测,吸附机制是静电吸引、络合反应、离子交换和还原反应共同起作用。     

Enhancement of nitric oxide decomposition efficiency achieved with lanthanum-based perovskite-type catalyst

Direct decompositions of nitric oxide (NO) by La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄, La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ are experimentally investigated, and the catalysts are tested with different operating parameters to evaluate their activities. Experimental results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ are significantly improved by doping with Ba and partial substitution with Pr. NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ are 32% and 68%, respectively, at 400 °C with He as carrier gas. As the temperature is increased to 600 °C, NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, respectively, reach 100% with the inlet NO concentration of 1000 ppm while the space velocity is fixed at 8000 hr^?1. Effects of O₂, H₂O_(g), and CO₂ contents and space velocity on NO decomposition are also explored. The results indicate that NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, respectively, are slightly reduced as space velocity is increased from 8000 to 20,000 hr^?1 at 500 °C. In addition, the activities of both catalysts (La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄) for NO decomposition are slightly reduced in the presence of 5% O₂, 5% CO₂, or 5% H₂O_(g). For durability test, with the space velocity of 8000 hr^?1 and operating temperature of 600 °C, high N₂ yield is maintained throughout the durability test of 60 hr, revealing the long-term stability of Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ for NO decomposition. Overall, Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ shows good catalytic activity for NO decomposition.

Implications: Nitrous oxide (NO) not only causes adverse environmental effects such as acid rain, photochemical smog, and deterioration of visibility and water quality, but also harms human lungs and respiratory system. Pervoskite-type catalysts, including La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄, La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, are applied for direct NO decomposition. The results show that NO decomposition can be enhanced as La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ is substituted with Ba and/or Pr. At 600 °C, NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ reach 100%, demonstrating high activity and good potential for direct NO decomposition. Effects of O₂, H₂O_(g), and CO₂ contents on catalytic activities are also evaluated and discussed.     

具有降解亚硝酸盐活性的解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分离与安全性分析

从养殖污泥中分离筛选了一株优良的亚硝酸盐降解菌YX01,经ARIS 2X细菌自动鉴定系统以及16SrRNA系统发育分析,该菌株被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus am yloliquefaciens,GenBank登录号为JX649949),其16S rRNA序列与基因库中 芽孢杆菌属菌株的16S rRNA序列有99％～100％的同源性,而且与解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株LD5(GenBank登录号:GQ853414)的亲缘关系最近.该亚硝酸盐降解菌YX01在浓度为2.0×107～2.0×109cfu/L时对小球藻(Chlorella sp.)生长有促进作用;在浓度大于2.0×1011cfu/L时对小球藻生长具有显著抑制作用;亚硝酸盐降解菌YX01对小球藻的半数抑制浓度(IC50)大于2.0×1011cfu/L.亚硝酸盐降解菌YX01对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的48h-半数致死浓度(LC50)大于2.0×1011cfu/L,对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)的96h-LC50大于2.0×1011cfu/kg.经分析,亚硝酸盐降解菌YX01为无毒菌株.     

稻壳活性炭制备及其对磷的吸附

利用农业废弃物稻壳经炭化、活化、酸洗、水洗和干燥等工艺制备出一种富含微孔和中孔结构的稻壳活性炭,其BET比表面积达886.3 m2/g。通过正交实验优化了稻壳活性炭对磷吸附条件,并在该条件下进行了吸附等温和吸附动力学实验研究。结果表明,稻壳活性炭对磷的吸附等温曲线能较好符合Langmuir模型(R2=0.9284)和Freundlich模型(R2=0.9208),由Langmuir线性拟合方程可得稻壳活性炭对磷饱和吸附量达6.93 mg/g;稻壳活性炭对磷的吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程描述(R2=0.9968),吸附速度较快,颗粒内扩散为该过程控速阶段。稻壳活性炭作为一种易得、廉价、高效的填料,在农村分散型污水生态处理技术中,具有良好的应用前景。     

高分子重金属絮凝剂MCC制备及除铜去浊性能

以壳聚糖、L-半胱氨酸为原料,通过酰胺化反应制备了一种具有重金属捕集功能的高分子重金属絮凝剂-2-氨基-3-巯基丙酰壳聚糖(MCC)。以含铜废水为处理对象,通过正交实验研究了MCC的最佳制备条件,对其除铜性能进行了全面探讨,并对絮体形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明,在最佳条件下制得的MCC具有除浊和捕集重金属离子双重功能,形成的絮体量较大、沉速快,出水水质好,重金属回收率较高,残渣稳定,不易造成二次污染,絮体分形维数越小,空隙越多,除铜效果越好。     

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus caledonium) on the accumulation and metabolism of atrazine in maize (Zea mays L.) and atrazine dissipation in soil

Effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus caledonium) on accumulation and metabolism of atrazine in maize grown in soil contaminated with different concentrations of atrazine were investigated in a series of pot experiments. Roots of mycorrhizal plants accumulated more atrazine than non-mycorrhizal roots. In contrast, atrazine accumulation in shoot decreased in mycorrhizal compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. No atrazine derivatives were detected in the soil, either with or without mycorrhizal colonization. However, atrazine metabolites, deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA), were detected in plant roots and the AM colonization enhanced the metabolism. After plant harvest atrazine concentrations decreased markedly in the soils compared to the initial concentrations. The decreases were the most in rhizosphere soil and then near-rhizosphere soil and the least in bulk soil. Mycorrhizal treatment enhanced atrazine dissipation in the near-rhizosphere and bulk soils irrespective of atrazine application rates.     

生物/生态技术协同修复城市景观水体的现场试验研究

针对武汉动物园鹤岛水体的污染状况,结合景观建设,采用生物滤罐和生态型岸边带相结合的生物/生态技术对该水体进行循环净化。实验结果表明,该净化系统对鹤岛水体水质有很大的改善作用,解决了以前水体混浊、夏季水体中藻类浓度高的问题,景观功能明显提高。该系统中生物滤罐起主要作用,夏季净化效果较好,对于总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、COD、溶解态氮、氨态氮都有很好的净化效果;冬季效果略差,以过滤作用为主,对溶解态污染物去除作用微弱。岸边带在冬季基本没有净化效果,夏季则净化作用较为显著。