我军"基地化宿营保障系统"建设初探

野营保障在后勤保障领域中地位特殊,是其他保障展开的基础和依托,如何适应现代战争体系作战的要求,实现体系化野营保障,是当今世界军事强国在后勤领域内的研究重点,针对此,通过研究美军"力量提供者系统"、俄军"自主式野战军营系统"和国内"救灾生活系统"等基地化宿营保障系统的研制目标、模块组成和使用情况,并从保障规模设置、功能模块组成、储运条件、保障力量设置与编程和主要运用场景及程序等方面,提出了我军基地化宿营保障系统建设的构想,旨在为提升我军野战条件下宿营保障的质量和效益进行探索。     

环境污染事故应急监测装备的配置思路

分析了应急监测装备的配置形势,提出了应急监测装备的配置思想和配置原则,剖析了配置的关键点在于实现快速响应功能,准确、快速监测数据获取功能,快速解析、准确判断污染趋势功能,图像和声讯实时双向传输功能,以及安全保障和防护功能.     

基于GIS的页岩气开发生态环境数据管理系统设计

分析了数据管理系统在生态环境领域的应用现状,以及页岩气开发生态环境数据的特性和管理需求,提出了基于地理信息系统和关系型数据库有效集成的数据管理系统框架,实现对页岩气开发区域水环境、土壤环境、环境空气及污染源负荷在时间和空间尺度的分析与评价,指出大数据、物联网技术的运用是系统发展的重要方向.     

Capability of cation exchange technology to remove proven N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors

N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) precursors consist of a positively charged dimethylamine group and a non-polar moiety, which inspired us to develop a targeted cation exchange technology to remove NDMA precursors. In this study, we tested the removal of two representative NDMA precursors, dimethylamine(DMA) and ranitidine(RNTD), by strong acidic cation exchange resin. The results showed that pH greatly affected the exchange efficiency, with high removal(DMA 78% and RNTD 94%) observed at pH pk_a-1 when the molar ratio of exchange capacity to precursor was 4. The exchange order was obtained as follows: Ca~(2+) Mg~(2+) RNTD~+ K~+ DMA~+ NH_4~+ Na~+. The partition coefficient of DMA~+to Na~+was 1.41 ± 0.26, while that of RNTD~+to Na~+was 12.1 ± 1.9. The pseudo second-order equation fitted the cation exchange kinetics well. Bivalent inorganic cations such as Ca~(2+)were found to have a notable effect on NA precursor removal in softening column test. Besides DMA and RNTD, cation exchange process also worked well for removing other 7 model NDMA precursors. Overall, NDMA precursor removal can be an added benefit of making use of cation exchange water softening processes.     

农村环境污染控制区划方法与应用研究

针对农村环境污染发生的广域性、分散性和随机性等特征,采用清单分析法,核算了农村环境污染物COD、TN、TP排放量和排放浓度,并以环境污染敏感性评价和污染类型划分为研究基础,探讨了农村环境污染控制区划方法,提出了区划原则、分区方法和命名方法.采用上述方法,在江苏省进行了应用研究,将江苏省农村环境污染控制区共划分为3个一级区和13个二级区,对不同级区实施分区管理和分类控制,分区结果可以为农村环境污染控制决策提供科学依据.     

GJB 150A淋雨试验强化试验程序数值模拟和试验装置设计研究

目的 研究GJB 150.8A—2009《军用装备实验室环境试验方法第8部分:淋雨试验》中强化试验程序的工程实现方法.方法 在标准解读的基础上,以强化试验程序用喷嘴为对象,建立数值模型,分析喷嘴在强化试验程序过程中的流场分布,并基于分析结果给出强化试验程序试验装置设计的思路和方法.结果 在喷嘴内,压力变化剧烈,极短距离内由276 kPa迅速降至101 kPa.水流经过喷嘴经历了激烈的加速过程,从距离喷嘴出口0.01～0.4 m,水流速度从251 m/s迅速降至17.8 m/s,到远场趋于稳定.结论 分析结果对指导强化试验程序的试验装置的设计和试验实施具有重要参考意义.     

Establishment of a comprehensive analysis method for the microfaunal movement in activated sludge

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microfaunal identification and analysis are very complex; thus, an image analysis method was utilized in this paper to overcome the shortcomings of...     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and n-alkane pollution characteristics and structural and functional perturbations to the microbial community: a case-study of historically petroleum-contaminated soil

Characterization of the typical petroleum pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes, and indigenous microbial community structure and function in historically contaminated soil at petrol stations is critical. Five soil samples were collected from a petrol station in Beijing, China. The concentrations of 16 PAHs and 31 n-alkanes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of PAHs and n-alkanes ranged from 973 ± 55 to 2667 ± 183 μg/kg and 6.40 ± 0.38 to 8.65 ± 0.59 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively, which increased with depth. According to the observed molecular indices, PAHs and n-alkanes originated mostly from petroleum-related sources. The levels of ΣPAHs and the total toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (ranging from 6.41 to 72.54 μg/kg) might exert adverse biological effects. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was employed to investigate the indigenous microbial community structure and function. The results revealed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla, and Nocardioides and Microbacterium were the important genera. Based on COG and KEGG annotations, the highly abundant functional classes were identified, and these functions were involved in allowing microorganisms to adapt to the pressure from contaminants. Five petroleum hydrocarbon degradation-related genes were annotated, revealing the distribution of degrading microorganisms. This work facilitates the understanding of the composition, source, and potential ecological impacts of residual PAHs and n-alkanes in historically contaminated soil.

     

Desorption of CO2, SO2, and NH3 in the vacuum evaporation of desulfurization wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mechanical vapor compression and multi-effect evaporation have been widely used in achieving zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater as they are...     

风险感知、农业社会化服务与稻农生物农药技术采纳行为

在农业社会化服务体系不断完善的背景下,利用鄂、赣两省704户稻农的调查数据,采用二元Logit模型实证分析了风险感知和农业社会化服务对稻农生物农药技术采纳行为的影响.结果表明:(1)农户对生物农药技术的采用率较低,仍有55.54％的稻农未采用生物农药;(2)风险感知对稻农生物农药技术采纳行为存在显著影响,技术风险感知和市场风险感知越强的稻农,采用生物农药技术的可能性越小;(3)农业社会化服务对稻农生物农药技术采纳行为具有显著的正向作用,且能有效缓解风险感知对稻农生物农药技术采纳行为的抑制作用;(4)相较于规模户,农业社会化服务更能有效缓解市场风险感知对小农户采用生物农药技术的抑制作用,但对其技术风险感知的缓解作用则不明显.因此,在加大技术宣传和田间地头指导,完善农资市场和农产品市场体系,增加生物农药补贴力度以降低农户技术与市场风险感知的同时,有必要通过拓展农业社会化服务的服务内容和服务对象,优化小农户的农产品市场环境,以此促进生物农药技术的推广和应用.