淀山湖沉积物孔隙水中重金属元素分布特征

用原子吸收光谱仪测定了淀山湖上覆水体和沉积物孔隙水中Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd、Fe和Mn的浓度.结果表明,上覆水体中及沉积物孔隙水中重金属元素浓度由高到低的顺序,夏季为Fe>Mn>Cr(Cu)>Pb>Cd,冬季为Mn>Fe>Cr(Cu)>Pb>Cd.各种重金属元素在孔隙水中的浓度比上覆水体中的浓度高得多,且在孔隙水中随深度均呈现典型的峰型分布;但随季节的变化,峰值发生位移.重金属元素的浓度在沉积物-水界面处变化明显,夏季沉积物中的Cr对上覆水体水质的影响较大.     

Biosensors for detection of mercury in contaminated soils

Biosensors based on whole bacterial cells and on bacterial heavy metal binding protein were used to determine the mercury concentration in soil. The soil samples were collected in a vegetable garden accidentally contaminated with elemental mercury 25 years earlier. Bioavailable mercury was measured using different sensors: a protein-based biosensor, a whole bacterial cell based biosensor, and a plant sensor, i.e. morphological and biochemical responses in primary leaves and roots of bean seedlings grown in the mercury-contaminated soil. For comparison the total mercury concentration of the soil samples was determined by AAS. Whole bacterial cell and protein-based biosensors gave accurate responses proportional to the total amount of mercury in the soil samples. On the contrary, plant sensors were found to be less useful indicators of soil mercury contamination, as determined by plant biomass, mercury content of primary leaves and enzyme activities.     

WK－1A型二氧化硫自动测定仪测定烟气中SO_2的方法研究

本文研究了仪器电导法测定烟气中ＳＯ２的监测方法,并与碘量法进行了比较,提出了吸收液测定的影响及吸收液的配制方法。本方法简单快速,能够满足烟气中ＳＯ２监测工作的要求。     

应用离子色谱对环境样品中氨氮的分析

应用离子色谱对环境样品中氨氮的分析汪春学,王书元,郑铁力（吉林长春市环境监测站,长春１３００２２）采用ＺＩＣ－Ⅲ型离子色谱仪、ＹＳＣ阳离子保护柱和ＹＳＣ阳离子分析柱。选择ＨＣＩ作淋洗液,浓度为５ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ（超过７ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ,ＮＨ４十与Ｋ＂分离效果...     

双样图对持水排污许可证实验室质控考核评价指南及应用

结合对太原市31个持水排污许可证企业实验室进行的1991年度分析质量考核工作,在介绍Yuden试验方法及双样图的绘制基础上,通过对25个实验室39对COD_(cr)考核结果的评价     

柴油机尾气中PAH_s的分析

本文概述了柴油机尾气中ＰＡＨｓ的分析方法,着重论述了采样及预处理方法,特别对预处理方法进行了深入的探讨。另外,通过对柴油机两种不同工况下产生的尾气进行分析后发现,柴油机转速越高,其排放尾气中ＰＡＨｓ的含量就越低。     

外贴CFRP增强钢筋混凝土梁许用剥离应变研究

为进一步明确碳纤维增强材料(CFRP)加固钢筋混凝土(RC)受弯构件的破坏模式,判断相关规范提出的CFRP许用剥离应变计算公式的正确性,设计并开展钢筋混凝土梁外贴CFRP加固试验,采用2点对称简支加载,探究加固试件的破坏模式和CFRP初始剥离时的应变。结果表明:加固试件的基本破坏模式为CFRP剥离破坏;一些规范规定的许用剥离应变与试验值的比值在0.28~5.12之间,多数规范的许用剥离应变远大于实测值,按规范计算的许用剥离应变的变异系数均大于46%;CFRP的剥离不仅与混凝土强度、CFRP用量和弹性模量有关,还与剪跨比、箍筋配筋率和纵筋配筋率等因素有关。     

半是蓝天半是阴霾──哈尔滨亚麻厂残疾人写真

半是蓝天半是阴霾──哈尔滨亚麻厂残疾人写真郑家学今年是哈尔滨亚麻厂发生大爆炸１０周年。我来到这里，做一次当年受伤者心灵的踏勘和访问。８年前，我曾来过这里，曾踏上这片被烈火烤焦，为血泪浸染，被哭声震撼过的工地。那是一次艰难的采访。当时，他们有的刚出院不...     

Composite indicators for famine early warning systems

Traditional famine early warning systems use a host of indicators to predict food crisis situations, from rainfall and increased rate of marketing of household durables to the behavior of birds and animals. Although many of these indicators are valid in general, limited understanding of the sensitivity and specificity of the distress signals makes food crisis prediction a highly subjective exercise. In order to make the system more effective and credible, we need to identify a limited number of 'composite' indicators, which naturally summarize most relevant food-related information contained in the specific predictors of food crisis. Considering the chronology of the food production and consumption chain, three composite indicators specific to three different stages of the chain have been identified. The satellite data based Normalized Deviation of Vegetative Index (NDVI), prices of major food grains, and malnutrition rates are found to be correlated not only with the quality and quantity of inputs of this process but also with the final outcome. Both NDVI and price data are widely used as important predictors of food crisis by famine warning systems. What we have demonstrated is that improved sensitivity of the indicators is likely to be due to their inherent capability of summarizing information from various specific measures. Child malnutrition rates also summarize inputs and outputs of the food consumption process very effectively, and therefore should be able to predict community level food crisis in an efficient manner. The empirical results confirm this conjecture by showing that malnutrition rates can predict food crisis probability three months into the future with a high degree of specificity. The use of 'composite' indicators not only simplifies the problem of aggregation, but is also likely to yield forecasts that are highly specific and sensitive.