Evaluation of genotoxicity in Rhamdia quelen (Pisces, Siluriformes) after sub-chronic contamination with Fipronil

Diverse genetic biomarkers have been used to evaluate the effects of pollution by mutagenic agents such as metals and pesticides, as well as a large variety of chemical substances derived from human activities. This work researched the effects that an exposure of 60 days to the insecticide Fipronil (concentrations of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.23 μg/L) can cause in the fish Rhamdia quelen using Comet assay with gills, histopathological analysis of gills and the Piscine Micronucleus test and Nuclear Morphological Alterations. The results for the Comet assay and for gills histopathological injuries showed no difference between the control group and the contaminated groups. In the Piscine Micronucleus test, the smallest concentration of Fipronil (0.05 μg/L) was similar as the control group, while concentrations of 0.10 and 0.23 μg/L caused more damage to the DNA. These results suggested that only the highest concentrations of Fipronil tested cause damage in erythrocytes, but none of these concentrations was sufficient to alter the DNA in the gill cells. R. quelen may be a less sensitive bioindicator than other fish that have been tested. On the other hand, the concentrations used may not have been sufficient to detect alterations in the DNA of R. quelen with the chosen tests. Works like this take on great importance given the enormous quantity of substances that are thrown daily into the environment in an uncontrolled way, without evaluation of the consequences. The application of these tests with other concentrations, tissues and exposure times is suggested for future works.     

Genetic damage induced by lead chloride in different tissues of fresh water climbing perch Anabas testudineus (Bloch)

The present investigation was undertaken to study the induction of DNA damage by lead chloride (PbCl(2)) in freshwater climbing perch Anabas testudineus using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Based on the LC(50) values of lead chloride of A. testudineus three different concentrations viz., 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L were selected to expose fish. The DNA damage was observed in the gill, kidney and liver tissue as the percentage of DNA in comet tails and comet heads in the tissue of the exposed fish. DNA damage at different concentrations showed sensitivity to particular tissue. The liver tissue exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher DNA damage, followed by kidney and gill. However, the DNA damage was found to be dose dependent; at 2 mg/L of PbCl(2) the tail and head DNA of liver tissue were 57.84% and 39.49%, in kidney tissue the values were 52.36% and 44.97% whereas in gill tissue the values were 48.86% and 48.96% respectively. The current study explored the utility of the comet assay for in vivo laboratory studies using A. testudineus species for screening the genotoxic potential of lead chloride.     

污染源自动监测数据有效性影响因素分析

结合我国污染源自动监测现状,分别从技术、产品、建设、管理与环境等各不同角度,分析了各因素对监测数据有效性的影响,并提出了一些相应的建议与对策。     

多环麝香污染胁迫对蚯蚓特异性蛋白基因表达的影响

为了探讨蚯蚓特异性蛋白基因表达在监测多环麝香低水平长期暴露污染中的应用,选择蚯蚓热休克蛋白(HSP70)、钙网蛋白(CRT)、亲环素A(cyPA)、翻译控制肿瘤蛋白(TCTP)等代表性蛋白基因作为供试基因.采用自然土壤污染模拟实验,基于mRNA表达分子水平,研究吐纳麝香(AHTN)与佳乐麝香(HHCB)长期(28 d)污染胁迫对以上各特异性蛋白基因响应表达的影响.通过序列同源性比较与荧光定量PCR熔解曲线结果分析,表明设计的引物适合供试基因mRNA表达水平的检测.染毒暴露28 d后,当AHTN染毒浓度小于30μg.g-1或HHCB浓度小于50μg.g-1时,蚯蚓HSP70基因表达水平无显著变化,而AHTN浓度等于或大于30μg.g-1和HHCB浓度等于或大于50μg.g-1时,HSP70基因表达水平呈显著下调趋势;而各AHTN或HHCB浓度处理组中蚯蚓CRT基因显著上调表达;cyPA和TCTP基因表达水平与对照组比较均无呈现显著性差异.研究结果表明,HSP70与CRT等基因的响应表达有望成为表征多环麝香土壤污染暴露水平及生态毒理效应的潜在生物标志物.     

长期施磷的产量效应及其环境风险评价

基于太湖地区8 a的长期试验,应用常规化学分析法和数学统计方法,研究了不同施肥方式即单施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施稻麦全量秸秆还田(NPK+S)、无机肥配施鲜猪粪7.5 t.(hm2.a)-1(NPK+M7.5)及无机肥配施鲜猪粪15.0 t.(hm2.a)-1(NPK+M15)对稻麦轮作农田的作物产量、土壤各形态磷的累积及其潜在环境效应的影响.结果表明,在单施无机磷肥基础上,无论是秸秆全量还田还是配施不同量的猪粪,稻麦均没有显著增产;长期以常规无机磷肥用量配施猪粪,其土壤Olsen-P、Mehlich3-P、草酸盐磷(Pox)、CaCl2-P、水浸提磷(WEP)、总磷(TP)及土壤磷饱和度(degree of P saturation,DPS)等均显著增加,且配施猪粪量越大,各形态磷的累积量越大,土壤积累磷的环境风险越高;长期在常规无机磷肥用量基础上进行全量秸秆还田,与秸秆不还田处理相比,土壤各形态磷并无显著累积.综合考虑稻麦的产量效应、土壤磷库表观收支平衡、磷素长期累积的环境风险及经济效益等,在本研究区域目前的土壤环境条件下,常规磷肥施用量(45 kg·hm-2)基础上进行全量秸秆还田这一施肥方式是值得推荐的.     

辽西山区的人工草地建设

太平沟小流域通过综合治理发展人工草地，并在实践中摸索出一套切实可行的草地管理措施，保持了水土，改良了土壤，发展了多种经营，使该流域的生态，经济状况有了很大改善，证明了发展人工草地是加快辽西山区建设速度的有效措施。     

广州市土地利用总体规划与生态脆弱性的耦合分析

以广州市为例，利用2005年的TM影像．并结合DEM、水土流失现状图、地质灾害图、有机质含量分布图及社会经济等数据。分析全市生态环境脆弱性的空间格局特征，并将生态脆弱性区分区圈与土地利用规划图进行空间叠加分析。结果表明：①研究区生态环境优越。生态良好区占85．96％；②人类活动对生态脆弱性格局具有重要的影响。各生态脆弱性类型区的分布有一定的规律性．平原地区好于山区。城区好于郊区；③新一轮土地利用规划结构调整和布局已经充分考虑生态环境因素影响。符合广州市生态环境保护和经济发展的需要。规划实施有利用于提升环境生态服务功能。     

深圳又燃大火

深圳又燃大火郑家学，张宏元新年伊始，深圳市宝安区清湖村胜立圣诞饰品有限公司发生特大火灾，死亡１９人，伤３７人，３０００平方米简易宿舍和简易仓库被烧毁，一批塑料制成品在大火中化为灰烬。直接经济损失４２万元人民币。这是继１９９２年“７·７”特大火灾事故、...