Volumetric assessment of airborne fungi in two sections of a rural indoor dairy cattle shed

There is increasing concern about the exposure to fungal aerosols in occupational environments and associated respiratory allergic diseases and asthma. A large number of people work in cattle sheds around the world, pulmonary function impairments and higher frequency of respiratory symptoms have been reported in dairy farmers; however, it appears that adequate information on the fungal aerosols from the cattle sheds are largely lacking. Volumetric assessment of airborne culturable and nonculturable fungal spores was performed in two sections of a large rural indoor cattle shed of West Bengal, India for 2 consecutive years. An Andersen Two Stage Viable Sampler was used for sampling culturable fungi and a Burkard Personal Slide Sampler was used to collect the total airborne fungal spores including both the culturable and nonculturable types. A total of 31 spore types and 35 types of viable colony-forming units were recorded. Average concentration range of total fungal spores was 233-2985/m(3) and concentration of viable colony-forming units ranged between 165 and 2225 CFU/m(3). Burkard Sampler showed higher frequencies of Aspergilli/Penicilli, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and smut spores. Andersen Sampler showed the prevalence of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Cladosporium cladosporioides colonies. Some recorded fungi were earlier reported as allergenic, toxic, and pathogenic for occupational workers as well as cattle population. Higher concentration levels of airborne total and culturable fungal spores were recorded during the months of November through February (winter) and June through September (late summer and rainy season).     

Imposex and butyltin contamination off the Oporto Coast (NW Portugal): a possible effect of the discharge of dredged material

Imposex in the gastropod Hinia reticulata, a bioindicator for tributyltin (TBT) contamination, was investigated in locations at different distances from the Oporto harbour-dredged material discharge site. The degree of imposex found was inversely related to the distance to the discharge site, the highest imposex frequency being found closest to the discharge area. However, the levels of imposex found were low when compared with those reported for H. reticulata populations from moderately TBT-contaminated areas. Despite detectable levels of dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) in snail tissues (total butyltins ranging from 84 to 410 ng/g Sn dry wt.), TBT was below detection limit in all snail samples collected in open sea.     

应用藻类生长潜力试验的方法研究滇池藻类生长的控制因子

采用滇池不同湖区的湖水进行藻类生长潜力试验(AGP试验),研究了稳定环境下,氮、磷两种可控的水华诱导因素对滇池铜绿微囊藻生长潜力的影响.结果表明,滇池各个湖区藻类生长的主要控制因子并不一致,北部与西部湖区,磷是两湖区藻类生长的主要限制性营养物质;湖心与南部湖区,磷和氮都是蓝藻生长的主要控制因子,但它们单独作用都不能有效促进铜绿微囊藻的生长.实验N/P(质量比)在4～20之间,这一范围内N/P对滇池铜绿微囊藻生长没有显著影响.     

地理信息系统在环境应急处置中的应用

目前中国已进入环境污染事故的高发期,有效防控环境污染突发事故的形式十分严峻。本文阐述了环境应急处置系统的一般特点,处置工作内容与功能需求以及信息需求,并进一步探讨了地理信息系统技术应用于环境事故应急处置时所能发挥的重要功能、优势极其功能。     

安徽及邻区GPS时间序列特征分析

利用安徽及邻区的10个GPS连续观测站数据,分析了站点NEU坐标时间序列、基线座标时间序列变化特征。结果显示,站点的NEU座标时间序列水平方向变化趋势与"中国大陆构造环境观测网络"25个站点的研究结果是一致的;基线座标时间序列在各个构造地质区域内的变化特征是不同的。     

汉中市人居环境与满意度评价研究

文章从对城市人居环境概念的剖析入手,制订了其评价指标体系。并以此通过问卷调查的形式,运用数学统计分析的方法,定量地研究了汉中市人居环境满意度,其结果表明居民一般满意汉中市的人居环境。最后为汉中市人居环境的发展提出了4点优化措施。     

NARAC: an emergency response resource for predicting the atmospheric dispersion and assessing the consequences of airborne radionuclides

The National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) serves as a national resource for the United States, providing tools and services to quickly predict the environmental contamination and health effects caused by airborne radionuclides, and to provide scientifically based guidance to emergency managers for the protection of human life. NARAC's scientists have developed a diverse tool kit of numerical modeling capabilities to respond to different types of release events, distance scales (local, regional, continental, and global), and response times.     

基于BSMPKU的高分辨率大气扩散数值模拟研究

为了检验北京大学街区尺度模式BSMPKU(Block Scale Model of Peking University)在城市大气环境研究中的适用性,首先利用Thompson风洞试验的数据集对BSMPKU模式进行了验证,并将其模拟结果与OpenFOAM(Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation)的模拟结果进行比较,然后将BSMPKU模式应用在复杂的实际建筑物群中,进行了3种不同交通线源排放的理想数值模拟研究.结果表明:1)对于单个建筑物,随建筑物宽度增加,建筑物迎风面回流区和建筑物背风面的尾流涡区范围增大;2)BSMPKU和OpenFOAM对单个建筑物周围的流场及浓度场有较好的模拟能力;3)与基于高斯扩散理论的AERMOD相比,BSMPKU和OpenFOAM能更好地模拟出建筑物周围的浓度场,但两个模式的模拟结果都与实测值存在一定误差;4)在实际小区中,受建筑物群影响,建筑物群内的流场分布比较复杂,大部分地区风速大幅下降,建筑物群内污染物浓度场的分布受排放源位置和走向的影响很大;5)BSMPKU能较好地模拟出实际城区的流场和浓度场分布,具有一定模拟和预报复杂城区污染物扩散过程的能力.     

基于RUSLE模型的延河流域2001-2010年土壤侵蚀动态变化

以黄土高原典型丘陵沟壑区--延河流域为研究区, 基于GIS和RS技术, 利用2001-2010年延河流域水文站月降雨量数据、MODIS NDVI数据、DEM数据、土壤类型数据和土地利用数据,率定了修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)的相关参数,计算了研究区2001-2010年逐年的土壤侵蚀模数, 利用杏河水文站实测的泥沙数据, 验证了模型的有效性,分析了延河流域土壤侵蚀强度的时空变化特征。结果表明,2001年到2010年延河流域土壤侵蚀模数呈减小趋势,2001年土壤侵蚀模数最大,为6 596.72 t/(km²·a),2008年土壤侵蚀模数最小,减小到2 485.46 t/(km²·a),降低62.32%;2009年由于暴雨冲刷,土壤侵蚀模数显著增大;2010年土壤侵蚀模数和2006、2007年相差不多;土壤侵蚀强度分布比例变化明显,土壤侵蚀强度为强度、极强、剧烈的面积比分别由16.21%、21.93%和12.36%降低为10.85%、4.58%和0.39%。土壤侵蚀强度等级转移矩阵表明大部分地区的土壤侵蚀强度向低一级转移,2001-2005年31.68%的面积土壤侵蚀强度降低一级,2005-2010年42.13%的面积土壤侵蚀强度降低一级。     

基于GF-LSTM和GAN网络的小样本集人工水体溶解氧浓度预测

采用推流方式改善人工水体溶解氧分布不均衡以防止富营养化时,需要对其分布进行预测来提高推流效率,为此构建了基于生成式对抗网络(GAN,Generative Adversarial Networks)和长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM,Long-Short Term Memory Network)的溶解氧浓度预测模型。以广西大学镜湖35 m2的一片水体区域为研究对象,采用不同电压直流水泵推流,用无人船搭载在线检测仪在一段时间内定时定点采集水体溶解氧浓度数据作为原始数据样本,并采用GAN扩充数据样本。利用遗传算法和改进的一阶滤波算法进行溶解氧的噪声数据处理,结合LSTM网络构建溶解氧浓度预测模型GF-LSTM(Genetic And Filtering Algorithm-Long Short Term Memory Network)。结果表明:相比常用的BP网络,GF-LSTM网络预测的平均误差降低了62%,均方误差降低了75%;相比传统的LSTM网络,GF-LSTM网络预测的平均误差降低了22%,均方误差降低了50%。