理家底，巧借力，夯基础 创建乡镇安全生产监管新天地

在全面建设小康社会的今天．围绕和谐发展、共同富裕这一目标,乡镇企业队伍不断得到壮大。面对多种行业并存、规模不一的各类民营企业迅速发展这一状况,乡镇安全生产监管工作面临着新的课题。作为最基层的乡镇安监部门,该如何抓好安全生产监管工作,笔者认为应从“理家底,巧借力,夯基础”这三个方面入手开展监管工作：     

Sorbents for CO2 capture from high carbon fly ashes

Fly ashes with high-unburned-carbon content, referred to as fly ash carbons, are an increasing problem for the utility industry, since they cannot be marketed as a cement extender and, therefore, have to be disposed. Previous work has explored the potential development of amine-enriched fly ash carbons for CO(2) capture. However, their performance was lower than that of commercially available sorbents, probably because the samples investigated were not activated prior to impregnation and, therefore, had a very low surface area. Accordingly, the work described here focuses on the development of activated fly ash derived sorbents for CO(2) capture. The samples were steam activated at 850 degrees C, resulting in a significant increase of the surface area (1075m(2)/g). The activated samples were impregnated with different amine compounds, and the resultant samples were tested for CO(2) capture at different temperatures. The CO(2) adsorption of the parent and activated samples is typical of a physical adsorption process. The impregnation process results in a decrease of the surface areas, indicating a blocking of the porosity. The highest adsorption capacity at 30 and 70 degrees C for the amine impregnated activated carbons was probably due to a combination of physical adsorption inherent from the parent sample and chemical adsorption of the loaded amine groups. The CO(2) adsorption capacities for the activated amine impregnated samples are higher than those previously published for fly ash carbons without activation (68.6 vs. 45mg CO(2)/g sorbent).     

The mountain-lowland debate: deforestation and sediment transport in the upper Ganga catchment

The Himalaya-Gangetic Plain region is the iconic example of the debate about the impact on lowlands of upland land-use change. Some of the scientific aspects of this debate are revisited by using new techniques to examine the role of deforestation in erosion and river sediment transport. The approach is whole-of-catchment, combining a history of deforestation with a history of sediment sources from well before deforestation. It is shown that deforestation had some effect on one very large erosional event in 1970, in the Alaknanda subcatchment of the Upper Ganga catchment, but that both deforestation and its effects on erosion and sediment transport are far from uniform in the Himalaya. Large magnitude erosional events occur for purely natural reasons. The impact on the Gangetic Plain of erosion caused by natural events and land cover change remains uncertain.     

Suitable Housing Placement: A GIS-Based Approach

The intent of this paper is to operationalize some aspects of local sustainability in a suitable development scenario and to compare its energy-use and environmental impacts to trend development. After a discussion of suburban sprawl, local sustainability, and the current state of the Pennypack Creek Watershed in the Philadelphia metro region, these residential location scenarios are presented. The latter were created using geographic information systems software and are based on projections from the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. The impacts of the scenarios on energy use, air emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, water quality, and biological integrity were estimated with very few data, and the effect on the value of generic ecosystem services was assessed. The suitable development scenario was 29% better in terms of energy use and air and greenhouse gas emissions, 2.4% worse on water quality, and 2.6% better with respect to biological integrity. Given its net beneficial results, recommendations for policies to engender suitable development are made, and an outline of an implementation plan is proposed. Thoughts regarding refinements of the present work and the applicability of the methods used here to other watersheds conclude the work.     

Total and subcellular distribution of trace elements (Cd, Cu and Zn) in the liver and kidney of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Mediterranean Sea

This study investigated the subcellular distribution of Cd, Cu and Zn in liver and kidney of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) stranded along the Italian coast of the South Adriatic Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Cd and Zn mean concentrations did not differ significantly between liver (4.26microgg(-1) and 34.53microgg(-1), respectively) and kidney (5.06microgg(-1) and 26.39microgg(-1), respectively), whereas the levels of Cu were significantly higher in liver (32.75microgg(-1)) than in kidney (8.20microgg(-1)) (p<0.009). Most of Cd, Cu and Zn was present in hepatic and renal cytosol, and their concentrations increased with total levels in both organs, indicating that cytosol has a crucial role in metal accumulation. Cd and Cu in hepatic and renal cytosol were present mostly in metallothionein fractions (MTs), whereas Zn was fractionated into MTs and high-molecular-weight-substances (HMWS). The comparison with the results of other investigations on individuals of the same species collected in different marine areas shows good agreement relatively to essential metals. For Cd our data are comparable with those encountered in specimens from the Mediterranean Sea (Cyprus) confirming the homogeneity of the area comprising the south-eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea from an ecological point of view.     

大亚湾大鹏澳海域贝类和浮游植物中脂溶性毒素及软骨藻酸研究

本文采用液相色谱-质谱联用法（LC-MS/MS）研究了2017年4个季节大亚湾大鹏澳水体浮游植物以及葡萄牙牡蛎（Crassostrea angulata）、紫贻贝（Mytilus edulis）和珍珠贝（Pteria margaritifera）3种双壳贝类中脂溶性毒素的含量特征。结果显示,水体浮游植物中存在具尾鳍藻（Dinophysis caudata）和拟菱形藻（Pseudo-nitzschia spp.）两种产毒藻;浮游植物网采浓缩样品中检出了鳍藻毒素（dinophysis toxin, DTX）、扇贝毒素（pectenotoxin, PTX）、环亚胺毒素（gymnodimine, GYM）、软骨藻酸（domoic acid, DA）4种毒素。D. caudata细胞丰度在春季最高（420 cells/L）,在其他季节也有分布（丰度低于50 cells/L）。Pseudo-nitzschia spp.细胞丰度最高值也出现在春季,其次是夏季,秋、冬季细胞丰度较低;与此对应,水体中DA也仅在春、夏季检出,而秋、冬季未检出。在贝类样品中检出4种贝类毒素,分别为大田软海绵酸（okadai...     

Te(Ⅳ)胁迫对两种螺旋藻生长的影响

对极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)和钝顶螺旋藻(S.platensis),在接种后第1～7 d通过不同时间添加Na2TeO3来施加Te(Ⅳ)胁迫,5种Te(Ⅳ)胁迫实验组的累计加Te浓度均为250mg/L,结果表明:两种螺旋藻的最终生物量,从Ⅰ～Ⅴ组均呈增加趋势;其中Ⅳ、Ⅴ组对S.platensis的生长有促进作用.利用动力学方程并结合胁迫强度的概念,对实验结果进行了合理的解释.     

有感于『大漏勺』现象

作为环境方面的研究人员,我一直以来就有一个困惑：尽管许多管理部门都有相应政策,各学科专家也在不断研究,然而,面对层层关口,一些对生态系统可能有重大破坏的工程还是能“绕过”层层关卡,并不断上马,有时甚至是“兵不血刃”!这大概也是我国生态退化的一个重要原因,但是问题在于我们为什么挡不住某些破坏性工程的“穿越”,或者说消灭这个看不见的“大漏勺”呢？其实,仔细想起来还是局部视角或局部利益在作祟。     

某东南沿海电厂钢结构腐蚀影响因素分析

目的 对比腐蚀环境因子分布和钢结构腐蚀事件分布,分析影响火力发电厂钢结构腐蚀的主要环境因素,探讨火力发电厂钢结构腐蚀的机理。方法 以东南沿海某火力发电厂为例,对电厂厂区进行网格化,利用便携式温湿度计进行逐网格温、湿度监测,逐网格收集结构物表面灰尘,并分析其中氯离子、可溶盐、酸碱含量等,开展腐蚀环境监测。统计从2012年至2022年10年间该电厂每一网格内的腐蚀防护工程,如腐蚀防护器件、装备、材料购置等项目的施工或应用次数。结果 温度、湿度及钢结构表面灰尘中氯离子含量、可溶盐含量、灰尘浸渍水p H等因子受海洋环境、厂区结构分布、生产活动多重原因的影响,随距海距离增加呈带状分布,或围绕生产设施点呈辐射分布。结论 环境因子对钢铁结构腐蚀的影响大小顺序为结构物灰尘含盐量>结构物灰尘浸渍水p H>相对湿度>结构物灰尘氯离子含量>温度。电厂钢结构腐蚀机理为雨水或大气凝结水溶出结构物表面灰尘的可溶性盐,含盐水经涂层缺陷输运至金属表面,成为钢铁腐蚀原电池的离子导路,导致钢结构发生电化学腐蚀。     

锚杆锚固段拉脱失效对基坑安全稳定性的影响研究

为了探究锚杆支护基坑工程中支护结构失稳的灾变机理,揭示锚固段拉脱失效对锚杆支护基坑安全稳定性的影响,依托某深基坑工程开展现场试验,布置分布式传感器监测桩锚支护结构锚杆内力和变形情况,结合数值计算分析,研究支护锚杆锚固段的拉脱失效区域形成原因及判定方法。结果表明,锚杆的轴向应力随基坑向下开挖深度增加逐渐变大,其中,锚杆自由段轴向应力变化最为明显,锚固段区域轴向应力沿长度方向逐渐减弱。对比分析现场试验数据曲线,判定因预应力张拉作用使基坑预应力锚杆在锚固段存在一定范围的拉脱失效区域,研究依托工程的拉脱失效区域为1.0～2.0 m。拉脱失效会使基坑侧壁边坡的剪应变增量区域形成滑移面,导致滑移趋势明显增大,进一步验证了拉脱失效区域对基坑稳定性会有显著影响。工程设计时不能忽略预应力锚杆锚固段拉脱失效区域的存在,深基坑锚杆设计必须增大安全储备,以保证基坑安全稳定性。