基于安全风险控制的安全检查表编制

本文针对油田建设安全检查表存在的问题,以华北油田为例,围绕以风险管控为核心,组织安全检查表的编制、试点、修订、推广应用,并针对存在问题提出持续改进建议对策。     

填埋垃圾处置与资源化利用研究

垃圾填埋场的邻避效应困扰着城市的发展,尤其是产生的渗滤液容易造成地表水和地下水污染,威胁着人们的身体健康。为了解决垃圾填埋场的污染问题,采用科学合理的方法对已经封场或即将封场的垃圾填埋场进行处置,置换出高价值的土地,是十分有意义且必要的。本文分析了填埋垃圾场存在的问题,针对填埋垃圾的处置与资源化利用进行研究,探讨实现垃圾填埋场的无害化、减量化和资源化的方法。     

中华猕猴桃EIN3/EIL转录因子家族的成员鉴定、系统进化和基因表达模式

EIN3/EIL家族是一类非常重要的转录因子,调控植物包括果实成熟在内的众多生长发育过程.对中华猕猴桃EIN3/EIL家族进行系统的生物信息学和比较基因组学研究,在中华猕猴桃基因组中鉴定得到8个EIN3/EIL转录因子;其蛋白序列包括1个酸性氨基酸富集区、1个脯氨酸富集区以及5-7个碱性氨基酸富集区.包括中华猕猴桃在内的20种植物的EIN3/EIL成员的系统进化树表明,EIN3/EIL基因在众多植物基因组中同时存在趋同和趋异的进化趋势.中华猕猴桃EIN3/EIL基因家族成员的增加主要源于其进化过程中发生的全基因组三倍化倍增事件.在果实成熟过程中,中华猕猴桃EIN3/EIL基因呈现组成型的高或低表达两种截然相反的基因表达趋势.本研究鉴定得到了中华猕猴桃EIN3/EIL家族的成员,系统揭示了其成员蛋白序列中的保守区域、在不同植物物种中的进化趋势,植物基因组倍增所导致的家族成员增加,以及果实发育过程中表现出的显著的基因表达水平差异,可为中华猕猴桃EIN3/EIL基因的功能研究提供候选基因以及数据基础.     

铁碳复合材料去除氯代有机物的研究进展

铁碳（Fe-C）复合材料可应用于污染场地中COCs的去除。综述了近年来Fe-C复合材料的制备方法（包括液相还原法、碳热还原法、水热碳化法、球磨法和绿色合成法），总结了几种常见碳材料载体（包括活性炭、生物炭、碳纳米管和石墨烯）的优缺点，梳理了Fe-C复合材料与COCs的相互作用机制（包括吸附、还原脱氯和刺激微生物脱氯），并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望，为Fe-C复合材料用于实际COCs污染场地的修复提供参考。     

Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon and carbon dioxide emission in corn-soybean rotations

Soil C change and CO2 emission due to different tillage systems need to be evaluated to encourage the adoption of conservation practices to sustain soil productivity and protect the environment. We hypothesize that soil C storage and CO2 emission respond to conservation tillage differently from conventional tillage because of their differential effects on soil properties. This study was conducted from 1998 through 2001 to evaluate tillage effects on soil C storage and CO2 emission in Clarion-Nicollet-Webster soil association in a corn [Zea mays L.]-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in Iowa. Treatments included no-tillage with and without residue, strip-tillage, deep rip, chisel plow, and moldboard plow. No-tillage with residue and strip-tillage significantly increased total soil organic C (TC) and mineral fraction C (MFC) at the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm soil depths compared with chisel plow after 3 yr of tillage practices. Soil CO2 emission was lower for less intensive tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow, with the greatest differences occurring immediately after tillage operations. Cumulative soil CO2 emission was 19 to 41% lower for less intensive tillage treatments than moldboard plow, and it was 24% less for no-tillage with residue than without residue during the 480-h measurement period. Estimated soil mineralizable C pool was reduced by 22 to 66% with less intensive tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow. Adopting less intensive tillage systems such as no-tillage, strip-tillage, deep rip, and chisel plow and better crop residue cover are effective in reducing CO2 emission and thus improving soil C sequestration in a corn-soybean rotation.     

A behavior based safety approach at a Kuwait research institution

INTRODUCTION: Behavior based safety (BBS) initiatives are the current trend toward improving safety performance. METHOD: This study outlines the framework of the BBS process and summarizes several behavioral safety approaches to accident prevention. RESULTS: Although most of the published research has focused on the improvement of safe behavior in industry, this study is the first to apply the current approach of behavior based safety in a research/educational setting. An experiment conducted at a research institution demonstrated the effectiveness of a well-designed behavior based safety process. A follow-up study indicated that the BBS produced a lasting effect for the experimental group. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Results from this study can be the driving force to implement behavior-based safety processes into educational, research, and training organizations.     

10kV真空断路器的使用和维护

目前在10KV及以下电压等级配电网络中,真空断路器已逐步取代油断路器,在无油化改造过程发挥了积极作用.但在使用维护中应注意几个问题.     

Cervical spine loads and intervertebral motions during whiplash

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the dynamic loads and intervertebral motions throughout the cervical spine during simulated rear impacts. METHODS: Using a biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication and surrogate head and bench-top mini-sled, impacts were simulated at 3.5, 5, 6.5, and 8 g horizontal accelerations of the T1 vertebra. Inverse dynamics was used to calculate the dynamic cervical spine loads at the centers of mass of the head and vertebrae (C1-T1). The average peak loads and intervertebral motions were statistically compared (P < 0.05) throughout the cervical spine. RESULTS: Load and motion peaks generally increased with increasing impact acceleration. The average extension moment peaks at the lower cervical spine, reaching 40.7 Nm at C7-T1, significantly exceeded the moment peaks at the upper and middle cervical spine. The highest average axial tension peak of 276.9 N was observed at the head, significantly greater than at C4 through T1. The average axial compression peaks, reaching 223.2 N at C5, were significantly greater at C4 through T1, as compared to head-C1. The highest average posterior shear force peak of 269.5 N was observed at T1. CONCLUSION: During whiplash, the cervical spine is subjected to not only bending moments, but also axial and shear forces. These combined loads caused both intervertebral rotations and translations.     

Influence of substrate on bioaccumulation of 14C-paraquat in compost worms Eisenia foetida

Contamination of soil with pesticides can be evaluated using toxicity tests with worms because their ecological niche makes them good bioindicators. Bioaccumulation in compost worms of [methyl-14C] paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) was measured after three-month exposure in two substrates with differing physicochemical characteristics, in particular their organic matter and clay contents. The treatments were 1.2, 12, and 120 microg paraquat g(-1) substrate. The action of the worms did not influence the loss of 14C from the substrates, as the 14C-recovered was essentially quantitative at the end of the study in both the presence and absence of the worms. The organic matter and clay contents of the substrates determined the extent of the paraquat uptake by the worms; worms from the substrate with smaller amounts of clay and organic matter had the higher values of the bioconcentration factor (BCF), these being about 5 (fresh-weight basis) and independent of the application rate. The BCF values in the substrate containing more organic matter and clay were smaller but increased from 1.1 to 3.8 with the increasing rates of application. However, in both substrates the amounts of paraquat bioaccumulated in the worms was always less than 1% of that applied, indicating the very strong binding of paraquat to the substrates and hence low availability to the worms.     

Field verification of sound attenuation modeling and air emission testing in support of missile motor disposal activities

The U.S. Department of Defense-approved activities conducted at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) include both operational readiness test firing of intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) motors, as well as the destruction of obsolete or otherwise unusable ICBM motors through open burn/open detonation (OB/OD). Within the Utah Division of Air Quality, these activities have been identified as having the potential to generate unacceptable noise levels, as well as significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Hill Air Force Base, UT, has completed a series of field tests at the UTTR in which sound-monitoring surveillance of OB/OD activities was conducted to validate the Sound Intensity Prediction System (SIPS) model. Using results generated by the SIPS model to support the decision to detonate, the UTTR successfully disposed of missile motors having an aggregate net explosive weight (NEW) of 81,374 lb without generating adverse noise levels within populated areas. In conjunction with collecting noise-monitoring data, air emissions were collected to support the development of air emission factors for both static missile motor firings and OB/OD activities. Through the installation of 15 ground-based air samplers, the generation of combustion-fixed gases, VOCs, and chlorides was monitored during the 81,374-lb NEW detonation event. Comparison of field measurements to predictions generated from the US Navy energetic combustion pollutant formation model, POLU4WN, indicated that, as the detonation fire ball expanded, organic compounds, as well as CO, continued to oxidize as the combustion gases mixed with ambient air. VOC analysis of air samplers confirmed the presence of chloromethane, vinyl chloride, benzene, toluene, and 2-methyl-1-propene. Qualitative chloride analysis indicated that gaseous HCl was generated at low concentrations, if at all.