农业面源和重金属污染检测技术设备研发与标准研制

正农田土壤是不可再生的资源,是农业生产的物质基础之一。随着经济社会的不断发展,农田土壤环境质量不断下降。2014年首次全国土壤污染状况调查显示,耕地土壤点位超标率在4种不同土地利用类型中最高,达19.4%,其中重金属超标点位数占全部超标点位数的85.8%。农田面源污染和重金属污染已影响现代农业发展,威胁农业生态安全,危害农产品质量安全,引起各级政府和公众的高度关注,农业农村部出台措施强化土     

电厂700MW机组改造湿式电除尘技术分析

以广东省某电厂1号、2号(2×700MW)机组超低排放改造湿式除尘器工程为例,介绍了改造项目技术路线的选择、布置方案、设计特色。实例表明,金属平板式湿式电除尘能够使电厂实现稳定超低排放的要求。     

PV1、B.fp在不同水样及温度条件下的灭活动力学

研究了脊髓灰质炎病毒(Poliovirus1，PV1)、脆弱拟杆菌噬菌体(bacteriophage infecting Bacteroides fragilis，B．fp)在不同水样(自来水、超纯水、闽汀水、生活污水和滤膜过滤除菌生活污水)，不同温度(4℃、20℃、35℃)条件下的灭活动力学．结果显示：温度是导致病毒灭活的重要因素，温度升高，病毒灭活速率加快．同时，某些水质因子也明显影响病毒的灭活．实验结果还表明，在任一灭活实验条件下，B．fp的灭活速率都比PV1低，表明B．fp是一个更合适的用于指示水体病毒污染程度与灭活效率的指示生物．图4表2参21     

农田浅层土壤氮素空间分布研究

采用田间随机抽样法研究了麦田氮素的空间分布规律。从均值看,硝态氮在土壤0~20 cm表层大量累积,20~40 cm层锐减,下层变化减慢;土层中铵态氮含量低且表现出不同层次间的稳定性。小麦生长期间灌溉显著影响土壤中硝态氮的分布:与不灌水土壤样本相比较,灌溉大大降低了表层土壤硝态氮的累积量。土壤全氮0~20 cm层明显高于20~40 cm层。     

硒胁迫螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)集落形成及富硒稳定性

探讨在琼脂糖半固体培养基中硒胁迫螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis,SP)集落形成及其富硒稳定性.培养基中添加亚硒酸钠,硒含量分别为2.5mmolL-1、5mmolL-1和10mmolL-1,培养并观察螺旋藻集落形成,挑取藻集落进行富硒培养,多次转种后,测定生长率、硒含量,筛选稳定的富硒螺旋藻.从含硒5mmolL-1的培养皿中挑选12个典型藻丝集落接种培养,发现其中6个生长率达到对照的80%,有两个藻集落(编号为SP0803和SP0809)硒含量较高,干藻硒含量分别为ρ(Se)=924μg/g和ρ(Se)=831μg/g,连续3次转种培养,藻体含硒量保持稳定.以上结果表明,利用琼脂糖半固体培养基进行微藻集落培养是可行的,并成功筛选到富硒螺旋藻.图3表2参12     

创新技工教育培养合格人才

高技教育从思想观念、办学内容、管理体制、教学方法和手段等各个方面进行创新，以迎接知识经济的挑战，培养出符合知识经济时代需求的创新型人才，保持其自身的活力并得以生存和发展．     

江苏沿江经济区多元多熟种植方式及效益评价

在江苏沿江经济区设置了２３种多元多熟种植方式进行定位对比试验，从增粮、增收和省工３个方面进行了综合评价。结果表明，稻田以“春玉米－水稻”为基础，旱地以春玉米为中心的粮饲经菜４元结构的省工型种植方式是本区集约高效持续种植制度的发展方向。     

SEAR技术修复土壤和地下水中NAPL污染的研究进展

就SEAR技术修复土壤及地下水中NAPL污染的原理及发展现状进行了综述.SEAR技术可以快速有效地去除土壤和地下水中的NAPL污染源,适于多种污染物.该技术通过增溶和增流2种途径提高NAPL污染物的去除率.表面活性剂的选择和微乳液体系的调配是SEAR技术实施的关键环节.将SEAR技术用于高浓度NAPL污染源的治理,并与生物修复和自然降解相结合,是经济高效的治理方案.     

Effects of rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and anion content of simulated rain on subterranean clover

An experiment was conducted to determine the extent to which rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, and anions in simulated rain affect plant growth response to acid deposition. Germinating subterranean clover seeds were planted in steam-pasteurized soil in pots and inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus etunicatum, R. leguminosarum + G. intraradices, R. leguminosarum + G. etunicatum, or no microbial symbionts. Beginning 3 weeks later, plants and the soil surface were exposed to simulated rain in a greenhouse on 3 days week(-1) for 12 weeks. Rain solutions were deionized water amended with background ions only (pH 5.0) or also adjusted to pH 3.0 with HNO3 only, H2SO4 only, or a 50/50 mixture of the two acids. Glomus intraradices colonized plant roots poorly, and G. intraradices-inoculated plants responded like nonmycorrhizal plants to rhizobia and rain treatments. Variation in plant biomass attributable to different rain formulations was strongest for G. etunicatum-inoculated plants, and the effect of rain formulation differed with respect to nodulation by rhizobia. The smallest plants at the end of the experiment were noninoculated plants exposed to rains (0.38 g mean dry weight total for 3 plants pot(-1)). Among nonnodulated plants infected by G. etunicatum, those exposed to HNO3 rain were largest, followed by plants exposed to HNO3 + H2SO4, pH 5.0, and H2SO4 rain, in that order. Among plants inoculated with both R. leguminosarum + G. etunicatum, however, the greatest biomass occurred with pH 5.0 rains, resulting in the largest plants in the study (1.00 g/3 plants). Treatment-related variation among root and shoot biomass data reflected those for whole-plant biomass. Based on quantification of biomass and N concentrations in shoot and root tissues, total N content of plants inoculated with G. etunicatum alone and exposed to the HNO3 + H2SO4 rains was approximately the same as plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum + G. entunicatum and exposed to pH 5 rains. Thus, the acid-mixture rains and rhizobia under no acid deposition provided approximately equal amounts of N in biomass. The significant interactions among rain formulation and the symbiotic status of the plants suggest that conclusions concerning the impact of acid deposition on plants in the environment cannot be considered reliable because most experiments on which such assessments are based have not tested confounding influences of microorganisms and precipitation characteristics.     

Food (miles) for Thought - Energy Balance for Locally-grown versus Imported Apple Fruit (3 pp)

- This commentary compares the primary energy requirement for apples (cultivar ‘Braeburn’), which were either imported or locally-grown in Meckenheim, Germany. Imported apples of the same cultivar were grown in a Southern hemisphere winter in Nelson, Southland, New Zealand, and were picked at the end of March with subsequent 28 d transport by sea for sale in April in Germany. Locally-grown apples (cultivar ‘Braeburn’) were picked in mid-October and required a primary energy of nearly 6 MJ/kg of fruit including 0.8 MJoule/kg for five months CA storage at 1°C during a Northern hemisphere winter until mid-March. This compared favourably with 7.5 MJoule/kg for overseas shipment from New Zealand, i.e. a ca. 27% greater energy requirement for these imported fruits. Overall, the primary energy requirement of regional produce, stored several months on-site, partially compensated for the larger energy required to import fresh fruit from overseas. This result is in marked contrast to reported overestimates of a reported up to 8-fold energy requirement for domestic versus imported apple juice concentrate [7]. Our own findings of less primary energy required for domestic apple fruit is discussed with respect to providing local employment, fruit orchards preserving the countryside, quality assurance systems for local fruit such as QS and EUREP-GAP, networking and other factors favouring regional production.