Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and number of outpatient Helicobacter pylori infection visits

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) is an important risk factor of gastrointestinal diseases, but factors leading to it are still not fully...     

Effects of exposure to environmental pollutants on mitochondrial DNA copy number: a meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exposure to environmental pollutants has been associated with alteration on relative levels of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). However, the...     

SDG-oriented multi-scenario sustainable land-use simulation under the background of urban expansion

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the continuous improvement of urbanization level and the continuous expansion of city scale, there are some unreasonable land development and...     

Decolorizing of lignin wastewater using the photochemical UV/TiO2 process

Studies on applying the photochemical UV/TiO2 oxidation process to treat the lignin-containing wastewater for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), color and reducing A254 (the absorption at the wavelength of 254 nm) have been carried out. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that the UV/TiO2 process is effective in oxidizing the lignin thus reducing the color and DOC of the wastewater treated. The combined UV/TiO2 treatment can achieve better removal of DOC and color than the UV treatment alone. Color removal, based on American Dye Manufacture Index (ADMI) measurement, is greater than 99% if the pH is maintained at 3.0 with the addition of 1 g l(-1) TiO2. When 10 g l(-1) TiO2 is applied, the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value is reached to result in an 88% removal of both DOC and color. A model was developed based on the variation of ORP during the photochemical reaction to simulate the decoloring process. The proposed model can be used to predict the color removal efficiency of the UV/TiO2 process.     

Distribution and bioavailability of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic ecosystem model

Along with the increasing utilization of engineered nanoparticles, there is a growing concern for the potential environmental and health effects of exposure to these newly designed materials. Understanding the behavior of nanoparticles in the environment is a basic need. The present study aims to investigate the distribution and fate of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic system model which consists of sediments, water, hornworts, fish and snails, using a radiotracer technique. Concentrations of ceria in the samples at regular time intervals were measured. Ceria nanoparticles were readily removed from the water column and partitioned between different organisms. Both snail and fish have fast absorption and clearance abilities. Hornwort has the highest bioaccumulation factors. At the end of the experiment, sediments accumulated most of the nanoparticles with a recovery of 75.7 ± 27.3% of total ceria nanoparticles, suggesting that sediments are major sinks of ceria nanoparticles.     

Effects of aeration frequency on leachate quality and waste in simulated hybrid bioreactor landfills

Research has been conducted to investigate the effects of daily aeration frequency on leachate quality and waste settlement in simulated hybrid landfill bioreactors. Four laboratory-scale reactors were constructed and operated for about 10 months to simulate different bioreactor operations, including one anaerobic bioreactor and three hybrid bioreactors with different aeration frequencies (one, two, and four times per day). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) reduced more than 96% of the initial concentrations in all aerated bioreactors. The differences of COD and BOD₅ reductions among tested aeration frequencies were relatively small. For ammonia nitrogen, the higher aeration frequency (two or four times per day) resulted in the quicker reduction. Overall, the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn) decreased over time except Cd and Pb. The reduction of redox-sensitive metal concentrations (Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu) was greater in aerated bioreactors than in anaerobic bioreactor. Settlement of municipal solid waste (MSW) was enhanced with higher frequency of aeration events (four times per day).

Implications: In recent years, hybird bioreactor landfill technology has gained a lot of attention. Appropriate aeration rate is crucial for hybrid bioreactor operation, but few studies have been done and different results were obtained. Research was conducted to investigate the effects of daily aeration frequency on leachate quality and waste settlement. Results indicated that aeration can effectively accelerate waste stabilization and remove organic carbon concentration and total nitrogen in the leachate.     

过硫酸钾-偶氮复合引发体系合成杂化高分子絮凝剂PACS-PAM及其表征

采用过硫酸钾(K2S2O8)-偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐(VA-044引发剂)复合引发体系合成了聚硫氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺(PACS-PAM)杂化高分子絮凝剂。以特性黏度为指标,考察了引发剂配比、引发剂总用量、单体质量浓度、总铝浓度(AlT)、反应温度和反应时间等因素对杂化絮凝剂PASC-PAM的合成影响,结果表明,杂化絮凝剂PACS-PAM的最佳合成条件为引发剂K2S2O8与偶氮VA-044质量比为3:1、引发剂总用量为单体总质量的0.2%、单体质量浓度为0.21 g/mL、总铝浓度(AlT)为0.15 mol/L、反应温度为50 ℃、反应时间为3 h,在最佳条件下合成的杂化高分子的特性黏度为14.70 dL/g。电导率分析、红外光谱(FTIR)分析和热重-差热(DTA-TGA)分析表明,杂化絮凝剂中有机组分同无机组分是通过PAM分子链端的硫酸根离子(—SO42-)的桥连作用以离子键形式连接的。对黄泥悬浊液的絮凝效果研究表明,杂化絮凝剂PASC-PAM的絮凝效果优于复配絮凝剂PASC-PAM。     

常温还原铁氧体法处理含铬废水

实验探究了常温还原铁氧体法处理含铬废水的最优工艺条件,研究了不同亚铁盐及氨氮和COD对处理效果的影响,对沉淀进行了化学分析与材料表征。实验表明,在n(Fe2+):n(Cr6+)=6,共沉淀pH=10.0,还原时间为2 min,共沉淀时间为15 min条件下,处理含铬废水可达最好效果,总铬浓度从1 600 mg/L降至1.5 mg/L以下,符合国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)的要求,实现了常温条件下铁氧体法对含铬废水的处理。对于不同亚铁盐,氯化亚铁处理废水的性能要强于硫酸亚铁,沉降速率快且沉淀致密。一般浓度的氨氮(50 mg/L)与COD(500 mg/L)对处理效果没有明显影响。对沉淀进行酸稳定性分析和XRD表征,确定生成了稳定的含铬复合铁氧体。     

化学氧化技术在地下水修复中的应用

近年来,化学氧化技术在地下水修复中得到了很大的关注。本研究对比了Fenton试剂、过硫酸钠、高锰酸钾及次氯酸钠4种常见的氧化剂对农药厂地下水中污染物的去除效果、地下水的pH和氧化还原电位(ORP)的变化的影响。结果表明,Fenton试剂和活化的过硫酸钠对此农药厂地下水各种污染物的去除率最高,两者对其中污染物都能达到80%以上的去除率,但在一定程度上会使地下水的pH降低;高锰酸钾和次氯酸钠对污染物的去除率都能达60%以上。其中高锰酸钾对地下水的pH影响不大;次氯酸钠对氯甲苯没有去除效果,对溴苯的去除率也较低,而且会使地下水的碱性过强。在地下水样中加入4种氧化剂后,会使水样的ORP立即升高。