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541.
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543.
电子设备、仪器的广泛使用产生的电磁辐射已成为当今的重要污染之一。电磁辐射分为天然和人为两种,严重危害和影响着人类的生活和生产。人们要重视电磁辐射,从行政、科学技术、个人生活方面加强对电磁辐射的防范。 相似文献
544.
M. Gharebaghi R.M.A. Irons L. Ma M. Pourkashanian A. Pranzitelli 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011
Oxy-fuel combustion is considered as one of the most promising technologies for carbon capture and storage (CCS). In this study, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code has been employed for the simulation of an air-fired coal combustion and an oxy-fired coal combustion with recycled flue gas in a 1 MWth combustion test facility. Reynolds–averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solutions have been obtained for both cases. Results indicate that the CFD code with existing physical sub-models can provide a reasonable prediction for the air-fired combustion. However, the prediction for the oxy-fired case has not been as satisfactory as expected. In order to assess the impact of the turbulence treatment in CFD on the predictions, large eddy simulation (LES) has been performed for oxy-fired case and compared with the results from the RANS simulation and the available experimental data. Although the results suggest that LES can provide a more realistic prediction of the shape and the physical properties of the flame, there has not been significant improvement in the prediction of the temperature. In addition, the complexity of the problem requires more detailed experimental data for the validation of the LES. In order to improve the validity of numerical simulations for design purposes, further modelling improvements for oxy-coal combustion that are necessary for more accurate predictions are addressed. Based on this study, it is envisaged that the complexity in the oxy-coal combustion process requires more detailed analyses of the available physical sub-models. 相似文献
545.
类二噁英多氯联苯生殖毒性的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
类二噁英多氯联苯(DlPCBs)作为典型的环境内分泌干扰物,会干扰接触个体或其后代的内分泌功能,破坏机体的神经系统、免疫系统,尤其对生殖系统的影响最为明显,比如对生殖器官的形态与功能、生殖内分泌、原始生殖细胞及其受精和早期胚胎发育等产生严重影响,最终导致各种生殖系统疾病的发生。DlPCBs的蓄积性及半挥发性使其在环境中分布广泛,半衰期长的特点使其将对动物及人类的生存和健康造成难以想象的影响。本文综述了DlPCBs的分类与构成、一般性质、生殖毒性以及其可能的致病机理,并对DlPCBs生殖毒性机理研究的重点方向进行了展望。 相似文献
546.
Jinyu Sun Xuhui Wang Anping Chen Yuecun Ma Mengdi Cui Shilong Piao 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,179(1-4):1-14
How urban vegetation was influenced by three decades of intensive urbanization in China is of great interest but rarely studied. In this paper, we used satellite derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and socioeconomic data to evaluate effects of urbanization on vegetation cover in China??s 117 metropolises over the last three decades. Our results suggest that current urbanization has caused deterioration of urban vegetation across most cities in China, particularly in East China. At the national scale, average urban area NDVI (NDVIu) significantly decreased during the last three decades (P?<?0.01), and two distinct periods with different trends can be identified, 1982?C1990 and 1990?C2006. NDVIu did not show statistically significant trend before 1990 but decrease remarkably after 1990 (P?<?0.01). Different regions also showed difference in the timing of NDVIu turning point. The year when NDVIu started to decline significantly for Central China and East China was 1987 and 1990, respectively, while NDVIu in West China remained relatively constant until 1998. NDVIu changes in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, two regions which has been undergoing the most rapid urbanization in China, also show different characteristics. The Pearl River Delta experienced a rapid decline in NDVIu from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s; while in the Yangtze River Delta, NDVIu did not decline significantly until the early 1990s. Such different patterns of NDVIu changes are closely linked with policy-oriented difference in urbanization dynamics of these regions, which highlights the importance of implementing a sustainable urban development policy. 相似文献
547.
Pawlaczyk-?uszczyńska M Dudarewicz A Zamojska M Sliwinska-Kowalska M 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2011,17(3):255-269
This study aimed to assess exposure to sound and the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in orchestral musicians. Sound pressure level was measured in 1 opera and 3 symphony orchestras; questionnaires were filled in. On the basis of that data, the risk of NIHL was assessed according to Standard No. ISO 1999:1990. Classical orchestral musicians are usually exposed to sound at equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure levels of 81?90 dB (10th?90th percentiles), for 20?45 h (10th?90th percentiles) per week. Occupational exposure to such sound levels over 40 years of employment might cause hearing loss (expressed as a mean hearing threshold level at 2, 3, 4 kHz exceeding 35 dB) of up to 26%. Playing the horn, trumpet, tuba and percussion carries the highest risk (over 20%). 相似文献
548.
Mobilization and plant accumulation of prometryne in soil by two different sources of organic matter
Prometryne is a selective herbicide of the s-triazine chemical family. Due to its weak absorption onto soil, it readily leaches down through the soil and contaminates underground water. Application of organic manure to soil has become a widespread practice as a disposal strategy to improve soil properties. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of pig manure compost (PMC) and lake-bed sludge (SL) on the sorption/desorption, mobility and bioavailability of prometryne in soil using comprehensive analysis approaches. Downward movement of prometryne was monitored in the packed soil column. Addition of PMC or SL decreased considerably the mobility and total concentration of prometryne in the soil leachate. Bioavailability analyses with wheat plants revealed that addition of the organic matter reduced accumulation of prometryne in tissues and increased plant elongation and biomass. These results indicate that the organic amendments are effective in modifying adsorption and mobility of the pesticide in soil. 相似文献
549.
马洪金 《安全.健康和环境》2021,21(9):54-56
针对石化企业用火作业背后隐藏的高风险,分析了目前石化企业用火管理方面存在的问题,提出了"两减一提"硬核管控用火,细化用火职责,建立过程管控责任清单,现场用火过程动态监督检查,多种方式提升安全技能等具体管控措施。 相似文献
550.
针对低温干式接头密封失效造成甲烷泄漏的情况,采用CFD软件FLACS对LNG气化后的泄漏扩散过程进行数值模拟,对甲烷扩散过程的浓度分布及云团扩散速度进行研究,并分析了泄漏过程中可燃气体云团量的变化情况。结果表明:LNG泄漏后迅速气化扩散,40 s后各监测浓度维持稳定;最远扩散距离约40 m,气体扩散总范围最长直径约70 m,扩散最高处大约1.5 m; 120 s内LNG泄漏量为30 kg,气化后天然气体积为42.3 m~3,可燃气体云团量为140 m~3;LNG泄漏吸收空气中的热量,在地面形成流动层,贴近地面浓度高,远离地面浓度低,随着高度上升气体的可燃爆炸危险区域逐步缩小。 相似文献