Tolerance of Chrysantemum maximum to heavy metals: The potential for its use in the revegetation of tailings heaps

To find if ornamental plants are applicable to the remediation of metal-polluted areas, the tolerance of chrysanthemum plants (Chysanthemum maximum) var. Shasta to different metals under hydroponic conditions was studied. Their responses as influenced by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe BEG25 on substrates containing mine residues were also investigated. Our results showed that chrysanthemum is a metal-tolerant plant under hydroponic conditions, plants behaving as Pb-excluders, whereas Cd, Cu and Ni were accumulated in roots. Low accumulation in flowers was observed for Cd and Cu but it was concentration-dependent. Ni and Pb were not translocated to flowers. Shoot biomass was not significantly affected by the different rates of mine residue addition for both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants accumulated less Pb and Cu in both shoots and roots than non-mycorrhizal plants. Chysanthemum could be a prospective plant for revegetation of tailings and the use of inoculation may decrease plant metal accumulation in polluted soils.     

国外新型药剂应用于滇池藻类污染治理的研究

滇池水藻类含量很高,现已属重富营养化水体。本实验选用国外一种新型除藻剂一去藻247来研究治理滇池水藻类污染,通过投加三个不同浓度的除藻剂,检测得出叶绿素α和总磷都有较好的去除效果,Cu^2＋的残留浓度也没有超标,其中当叶绿素的含量为1000mg/L时,除藻剂的最佳投加量为10mg／L。并用线性回归方程对滇池水体中叶绿素α和总磷的相关性进行了拟合。     

净化含氮有机污染物的催化剂及工艺

介绍了两种催化剂PCN-1,PCN-2型对含氮有机物如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、正丁胺、环己胺、苯胺、硝基苯等深度氧化的活性及控NO_x能力。实验结果表明,由PCN-1、PCN构成的双催化剂处理DMF或DMF与甲苯、DMF与甲乙酮的混合蒸气,其氧化活性和控NO_x能力比单一催化剂为好。在240—300℃温度范围即可完全氧化,控NO_x率达98％以上,净化气无色无臭。本工艺可用于PU合成革生产线烘道排气的净化处理。     

MIC厌氧反应器在500m^3/d柠檬酸废水处理工程中的应用

MIC反应器是在UASB反应器的基础上发展起来的第三代厌氧反应器,它具有效率高、能耗低、投资少、占地省等优点。作者所在单位自行研制、安装、调试的生产规模500 m^3MIC反应器用于处理高浓度柠檬酸生产废水,采用城市污水处理厂的絮状污泥进行启动,经过两个多月的调试和实际运行,在水力停留时间20小时,容积负荷8 kgCOD/（m^3·d）时,COD去除率仍始终在92%左右,并转入稳定运行。     

新型低温Fe/AC脱硫剂的研究

将活性焦担载氧化铁制得Fe/AC脱硫剂用于烟气脱硫,在最经济的烟气脱硫温度窗口(120℃～250℃)显示出高的脱硫活性.考察操作条件对其脱硫活性的影响,并借助EXAFS和TPD表征技术对其内在原因进行探讨.Fe/AC脱硫剂在排烟温度下用于脱硫,其活性明显优于活性焦和纯Fe₂O₃,且载体炭无氧化烧损.Fe/AC吸硫后形成2种含硫物质:H₂SO₄和Fe₂(SO₄)₃,H₂O和O₂的存在可增加Fe/AC对SO₂的吸附硫容.由高比表面活性焦制得的Fe/AC有更高的脱硫活性,这源于活性组分Fe₂O₃在其上良好的分散性.Fe/AC用于脱硫应在适宜空速[(800L/(kg·h)]下操作.     

冻融作用对酸化土壤中NH_4~+吸附特性的影响研究

以吉林农业大学长期定位试验田土壤为研究对象,采用室内模拟冻融环境和振荡平衡的方法,探讨冻融作用对NH+4在酸化土壤中吸附特性的影响。结果表明,随着冻融周期的增加,酸化土壤对NH+4的吸附量逐渐减小;冻结时间对酸化土壤吸附NH+4的影响不明显;随着冻前含水量的增加,酸化土壤对NH+4的吸附量逐渐减小,对NH+4的吸附量由大到小排列为:15%25%35%。酸化土壤对NH+4的吸附过程能很好地利用Langmuir方程拟合,冻融作用促进酸化土壤中NH+4的释放,增加了NH+4流失风险。     

Apparent relationships between anthropogenic factors and climate change indicators and POPs deposition in a lacustrine system

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are expected to impact the environmental behaviors and fates of persistent organic pollutants(POPs), however, quantitative studies on these combined factors are scarce. In this study, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)were used as examples to identify how and when those factors may be related to the deposition of POPs in the sediment of Lake Chaohu, China, using generalized additive models(GAMs). Three historical trends of DDT, PAH, and PCB deposition were delineated in a dated sediment core encompassing ～100 years of historical record: a steady state or gradually increasing stage, a rapidly increasing stage, and a declining stage. The GAM results showed that aquatic total phosphorus(TP) concentrations and regional GDP(anthropogenic factors) were dominant contributors to POP accumulation rates in the lake sediment. The fitted relationships between air temperature and sedimentary DDT and PAH concentrations were linear and negative, while a positive linear relationship was found for PCBs, suggesting that Lake Chaohu may have become a net source for DDTs and PAHs, and a sink for PCBs, under a progressively warming climate.     

乡镇环境规划指标体系研究——以扬州市瓜洲镇为例

从经济发展、生态环境、社会进步三方面构建乡镇环境规划指标体系,并引入“可持续发展度”、“因子贡献度”、“指标偏离度”、“制约度”,对瓜洲镇的现状进行了综合评价,对限制瓜洲镇可持续发展的因素进行识别。研究结果表明：规划基准年（2006年）瓜洲镇的可持续发展度为0.759,处于较强可持续发展阶段;影响瓜洲镇可持续发展的制约因素主要集中于环境质量及污染物治理方面（占36.75%）,其次为经济结构方面（占25.65%）,接着为发展支持（占24.21%）、生态环境与资源利用（占9.42%）、生活质量（占2.62%）、经济效益（占1.34%）。     

2000年1月15日姚安6.5级地震余震序列震源机制解与震源区应力场分析

本文利用垂直向的Pg和Sg波的最大振幅比方法,计算2000年1月15日云南姚安6.5级地震后余震序列震源机制解,通过统计和系统聚类分析,再结合震中分布图,综合分析了云南姚安6.5级地震的震源机制解和震源区应力场破裂特征,研究结果表明震源断层的走向为SEE-NWW占主导,其平均解为120°,震区主压应力轴平均解为145°,即SSE向,与震源区现今构造应力场主压应力方向一致,表明余震的应力场主要受区域应力场的控制.     

环境监测中生物传感器技术的应用研究

随着工业、农业迅速发展,环境污染问题已经越来越严重,人们已经逐渐认识到环境保护的重要性.生物传感器在环境监测中的应用也越来越广泛,其不但具有选择性好、稳定性高、响应时间短的优点,同时还不需要对样品实时预处理,携带方便,可进行连续、实时、原位监测.本文就对生物传感器技术在环境监测中的应用进行研究.