芬顿和氯化铁协同修复三价砷污染土的稳定化效果

由于铁盐稳定化修复砷污染土通常不考虑砷价态对毒性和迁移性的影响,导致了修复效果欠佳。针对三价砷污染土提出了预氧化-稳定化协同修复方法,先使用芬顿将三价砷氧化为低迁移性的五价砷,再利用氯化铁将其稳定化。通过合成沉降淋滤试验、生物可利用性、pH测试、连续萃取试验和光谱分析研究了协同修复的稳定化效果和机理。结果表明,与未经处理的污染土相比,1%用量的芬顿和1倍铁砷比的氯化铁进行协同修复的稳定化处理可使浸出浓度降低99.6%,生物可利用性砷的质量分数降低99.4%,修复效率得到提高;芬顿氧化和氯化铁稳定化都使土壤pH降低,但1倍铁砷比下协同修复后的pH为5.82,高于6倍铁砷比下只用氯化铁修复的pH (3.78) ,由此可一定程度上避免过量使用铁盐造成的土壤酸化;连续萃取试验表明协同修复后更多不稳定态的砷转变为稳定形态;光谱分析发现协同修复可以将土壤中三价砷全部氧化为五价,并通过铁氧化物/氢氧化物吸附和砷酸铁沉淀的形式固定砷。本研究结果可为三价砷污染土修复提供理论和技术支持。     

SARS-CoV-2 phase I transmission and mutability linked to the interplay of climatic variables: a global observation on the pandemic spread

The study aims to determine the impact of global meteorological parameters on SARS-COV-2, including population density and initiation of lockdown in twelve different countries. The daily trend of these parameters and COVID-19 variables from February 15th to April 25th, 2020, were considered. Asian countries show an increasing trend between infection rate and population density. A direct relationship between the time-lapse of the first infected case and the period of suspension of movement controls the transmissivity of COVID-19 in Asian countries. The increase in temperature has led to an increase in COVID-19 spread, while the decrease in humidity is consistent with the trend in daily deaths during the peak of the pandemic in European countries. Countries with 65°F temperature and 5 mm rainfall have a negative impact on COVID-19 spread. Lower oxygen availability in the atmosphere, fine droplets of submicron size together with infectious aerosols, and low wind speed have contributed to the increase in total cases and mortality in Germany and France. The onset of the D614G mutation and subsequent changes to D614 before March, later G614 in mid-March, and S943P, A831V, D839/Y/N/E in April were observed in Asian and European countries. The results of the correlation and factor analysis show that the COVID-19 cases and the climatic factors are significantly correlated with each other. The optimum meteorological conditions for the prevalence of G614 were identified. It was observed that the complex interaction of global meteorological factors and changes in the mutational form of CoV-2 phase I influenced the daily mortality rate along with other comorbid factors. The results of this study could help the public and policymakers to create awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic.