内蒙古中东部地区几种豆科牧草根瘤菌的表型多样性及水分梯度对其分布的影响

选用101株分离自扁蓿豆、胡枝子、野豌豆、锦鸡儿属植物的根瘤菌菌株，进行了营养利用、抗生素抗性、耐逆性和酶活性测定等84个表型性状分析，发现分离自同种寄主植物的根瘤菌由于地理来源的不相同而存在着较大的多样性．通过数值分类，各已知种分别聚群，101株未知菌在84％的相似水平上分为4个各不同的群．根据1、2、3、4群菌的聚类情况，结合在不同水分梯度下采集的豆科牧草根瘤菌，结果发现除个别菌外，绝大部分菌株呈现随着水分梯度的不同，各菌以类群形式分布．证明土壤中水分含量对根瘤菌的分布有很大影响．     

Watershed development in India. 2. New approaches for managing externalities and meeting sustainability requirements

This paper recognises the need for a revision of watershed development policy in India in relation to the planning of development interventions involving agricultural intensification and rainwater harvesting and the need for new approaches to assist the planning process. Building on, and using as an example, the results of biophysical and societal impact studies carried out on two watershed development projects in Karnataka three new management/dissemination tools, are suggested. These are (1) the web-based geographical information systems exploratory, climate land assessment and impact management tool dissemination tool for disseminating to policymakers and non-specialist stakeholders the downstream impacts of watershed interventions, (2) the ‘quadrant’ approach for ensuring that sustainability criteria are met and (3) Bayesian networks to investigate the biophysical and societal impacts of interventions. Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue     

Removal of chromium(VI) from electroplating industry wastewater using bagasse fly ash—a sugar industry waste material

A waste product generated in the sugar industry in India has been converted into a cheap potential adsorbent. This has been characterised and utilized for the removal of chromium (VI) from synthetic and actual wastewater. The sorption efficiency decreases with increase in pH. Adsorption of Cr (VI) on bagasse fly ash follows the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and these have been used to obtain the thermodynamic parameters of the process. The sorption capacity of this adsorbent for chromium removal is found to be comparable to other low cost adsorbents.     

Recent advances in photocatalytic remediation of emerging organic pollutants using semiconducting metal oxides: an overview

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Many untreated and partly treated wastewater from the home and commercial resources is being discharged into the aquatic environment these days, which...     

A catchment scale assessment of water balance components: a case study of Chittar catchment in South India

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The detailed analyses of the water balance components (WBCs) of the catchment help assess the available water resources, especially in the arid...     

Phytotoxicity of cadmium on the physiological dynamics of Salvinia natans L. grown in macrophyte ponds

The objective of this experiment is to study the potential ability of Salvinia natans L. to use in phytoassay for the cadmium toxicity in ecotoxicological studies. It is a simple and cost competitive method. The sensitivity of S. natans in terms of biochemical changes and enzyme activities to Cd2+ was remarkably noticeable. The catalase and protease activity was significantly decreased in the presence of cadmium, with increase of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity. The level of protein, carbohydrate and chlorophyll decreased and proline content increased in plants. The maximum permissible concentration of cadmium in different general water quality standards was evaluated and found that cadmium standard is not stringent enough.     

Color removal of monoazo acid dye from aqueous solution by adsorption and chemical coagulation

This communication presents the results of an investigation conducted on color removal from a monoazo acid dye, C.I. Acid Red 88, by adsorption onto coal based sorbents like Lignite coal, Charfines and Bituminous coal and F-400 Activated carbon and by chemical coagulation employing Aluminum sulfate, Ferric chloride, Manganese sulfate, Manganese chloride and Barium chloride.     

An integrated approach for spatio-temporal variability analysis of wetlands: a case study of Abaya and Chamo lakes, Ethiopia

Starting with the intensification of irrigation activities in the beginning of 1980s in Abaya and Chamo lakes area, the decreasing water inflow to the lakes caused denudation of the wetlands. The ecological situation in the lake region changed significantly during last four decades. The lakes and associated wetlands change have been studied using Landsat MSS (1973), Landsat TM (1986), and Ladsat ETM (2000) satellite imagery. Along with satellite imagery, other hydro-meteorological data were collected and hydro-meteorological data analyses were done to assess the variability of wetlands. From these data, lakes morphometric property estimation at different time series and water balance analysis for both lakes were done. Wetlands are mapped from the TCT image and these maps are subject to change detection to see the temporal and spatial variability of the wetlands. Moreover, the lake-morphometric area and volume variation have been studied. The result showed that between 1986 and 2000, a significant reduction has been observed but lesser than the previous decades (6.4 km(2)). The identified reason behind this change is that the free settlement and shoreline cultivation of the wetlands causing the soil erosion and eventually adds the sediment to the wetlands.