Performance evaluation of various stormwater best management practices

Many best management practices have been developed and implemented to treat the nonpoint source pollution of the aquatic environment in Korea's four major river basins. The performance and cost of these facilities were evaluated and compared using broad categories, including grassed swales, constructed wetlands, vegetated filter strips, hydrodynamic separators, media filters, and infiltration trenches, based on the monitoring and maintenance work undertaken between 2005 and 2012. Constructed wetlands, media filters, and infiltration trenches generally performed better in removing pollutants than other types of facilities, while media filters were the most expensive factor in terms of construction and operational costs. In addition, constructed wetlands incurred the least operational cost, as well as helping to control the quantity of runoff. This illustrates that a high cost facility does not necessarily give a better performance. A slightly more expensive facility, such as wetland, could prove to be a reasonably effective treatment. The selection of the most appropriate treatment for stormwater runoff should be based on an overall analysis of performance and cost.     

Dioxin contamination in soils of Southern Vietnam

Dioxin is the common name for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and is abbreviated as PCDD/Fs. In the case of Southern Vietnam, is of high concern dioxin contamination in the areas affected by past-use chemical defoliants. Our study related to the zone considered as a "hot spot"--Bien Hoa Airbase and surrounding areas (Bien Hung Lake). Although the war ended over 30 years ago, the adverse effects on this territory still continue. Soil and sediment were selected for our research as they act as a sink for PCDD/Fs. The samples were taken and analyzed in CECOTOX laboratory following certified procedures. The total amounts of PCDD/Fs (2,3,7,8 related congeners) in the samples were converted into WHO-TEQ and compared with standard values proposed by Canadian environmental quality guidelines. The obtained data shows a relatively high risk (up to 20.4 times higher than (probable effect level) PEL value for sediment and 46 times higher than standard value for soil). The research is continuing on the assessment of dioxin transport in food chain. Moreover, considering the obtained data a complete solution should be found urgently to solve the problem of dioxin contamination in the studied areas.     

铁炭微电解-Fe~（2＋）/K_2S_2O_8降解甲基橙

针对偶氮类有机物废水具有色度大,难降解的特点,以对二甲基氨基偶氮苯磺酸钠（甲基橙）为模拟研究对象,对水体系中铁炭微电解-Fe2＋/K2S2O8降解甲基橙的方法进行了研究。通过正交实验确定出该方法各因素的影响程度,进一步通过单因素影响实验确定该方法的最佳条件是：铁炭微电解填料、FeSO4和K2S2O8投加量分别为300 g/L、1.3mmol/L和0.7 mmol/L,初始pH值为7.0。在最佳条件下,甲基橙COD和色度去除率分别能达到64.7%和68.2%。     

Bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wild aquatic species from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site in South China

Water and several wild aquatic species including Chinese mysterysnail, prawn, fish, and water snake were collected from a reservoir surrounded by several e-waste recycling workshops in South China. The samples were examined to investigate the levels and bioaccumulation extent of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) released from electronic waste (e-waste) which was processed by crude recycling method. Elevated levels of PBDEs [52.7 to 1702 ng/g wet weight (ww)] and PCBs (20.2-25958 ng/g ww) were found in the collected biota species compared to that in the reference samples (13.0-20.5 ng/g ww for PBDEs and 75.4-82.8 ng/g ww for PCBs). log BAF (bioaccumulation factor) ranged from 2.9 to 5.3 for PBDEs and from 1.2 to 8.4 for PCBs, depending on congeners and species. The relationship between log BAFs and log K(OW) (octanol-water partition coefficient) can be adequately described by species-specific parabolic models wherein log BAFs generally increased at log K(OW)<7 then decreased with further increasing log K(OW) both for PBDEs and PCBs. The exceptions were for Chinese mysterysnail and prawn, in which the log BAFs showed a positive linear correlation with log K(OW) for PBDEs. Some PBDE and PCB congeners showed BAF values declining from the general trend predicted by K(OW), largely attributing to metabolism of these congeners in species sampled.     

Several current-use, non-PBDE brominated flame retardants are highly bioaccumulative: evidence from field determined bioaccumulation factors

With the phaseout of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), some non-PBDE BFRs have prompted to be alternatives to the discontinued PBDEs. To assess the bioaccumulation potential of these chemicals, field bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for several non-PBDE BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), pentabromotoluene (PBT), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and hexabromobenzene (HBB), were determined in the aquatic species from a natural pond in an electronic waste recycling site in South China. The log BAFs ranged 2.58-6.01, 3.24-5.58, 3.44-5.98, 2.85-5.98, 3.32-6.08, 2.04-4.77, 2.72-4.09 and 3.31-5.54 for α-HBCD, β-HBCD, γ-HBCD, ∑HBCDs, BTBPE, PBT, PBEB, and HBB, respectively. The log BAF values for HBCD isomers, BTBPE, and HBB were greater than 3.7 (corresponding BAF value 5000) in most of the investigated species, demonstrating their highly bioaccumulative properties. α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs, BTBPE, and HBB appeared comparable or had even greater BAFs compared to PBDE congeners with similar K(OW), suggesting that these BFRs may have a potentially high environmental risk. The BAFs for the given BFR compound were largely variable between species, due to the species-specific feeding ecology, trophic level, and metabolic capacity for these pollutants. Positive linear relationships between log BAF and log K(OW) (r2 = 0.59, p = 0.04), and molecular weight (r2 = 0.54, p = 0.06) of non-PBDE BFRs were observed in the species with low trophic level (Chinese mysterysnail), suggesting that the chemical's physicochemical properties also played key roles in the bioaccumulation processes.     

天津地区主要河流沉积物中多环芳烃化合物的组成与分布特征

对天津地区海河、北运河、潮白新河、北京排污河、永定新河、蓟运河、北塘排污河（北排污河）、大沽排污河（南排污河）和南运河等9条具代表性河流的沉积物样品进行了分析检测．结果表明，不同河流沉积物样品中均分布有多种类型的烃类污染物，已经检测到的多环芳烃化合物主要包括萘、苊、苊烯、联苯、菲、惹烯、芴、二苯并呋喃（氧芴）、二苯并噻吩（硫芴）、荧蒽、芘、菌、苯并芴、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、苝、二苯并[a，h]蒽、茚并[1，2，3-cd]芘、苯并[g，h，i]苝等系列多种单体化合物，相对含量较高的主要有菲、甲基菲、荧蒽、芘、菌等；不同河流或同一河流不同河段沉积物中有机物和烃类污染物含量及组成均存在较大差别，其中北塘排污河、大沽排污河和南运河有机物和烃类污染物含量较高，海河及津北地区的潮白新河、蓟运河、北京排污河、永定新河有机物和烃类含量较低；津北地区河流沉积物中烷基取代物与多环芳烃母体化合物的相对比值较低，且从上游到下游有增大的趋势，海河、南北排污河、南运河沉积物中该比值相对较高，且从城区河段到下游有降低的趋势；不同河流沉积物中四环芳烃相对含量变化不明显，但四环以上芳烃化合物变化比较明显，其中海河、南北排污河及南运河沉积物中四环以上芳烃化合物的相对含量较低，津北地区北运河、潮白新河、北京排污河、永定新河的相对含量较高．由此推测，城区及津南地区的南北排污河、南运河多环芳烃中石油烃贡献相对较大，津北地区北京排污河、潮白新河、蓟运河和永定新河沉积物中石油烃污染源贡献相对较小，大气沉降物的贡献相对较大．     

UBF-物理化学组合工艺处理Zn5-ASA医药废水的研究

采用砂滤－UBF厌氧－絮凝沉淀工艺处理高浓度Zn5-ASA医药废水。实验结果表明，对于COD为8000－10000mg/L，色度7000－9000倍的Zn5-ASA废水，加石灰乳和H2SO4预调，经砂滤柱过滤后，COD会去除20％左右；再进以聚丙烯环为填料的厌氧UBF反应器，HRT为10.57h，COD去除率达83％－89％；出水再经化学絮凝沉淀后，无色透明，COD浓度远小于1000mg/L，符合GB8978－96三级排放标准要求，且色度小于10倍。     

湛江市环境管理信息系统建设研究

湛江市地方环境特点和环保局职能，介绍了该市环境管理信息系统的开发目的，系统，结构设计，主要等，该系统在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５环境下，以Ｆｏｘｐｒｏ３．０为主要支持工具，结合其他ＧＩＳ软件，模型采用ＦｏｒｔｒａｎｆｏｒＷｉｎｄｏｗｓＶｉｓｕａｌＣ＋＋４．０为编程语言，建立了全 中文界面的多媒体环境管理信息系统。     

DBU醇溶液对CO_2吸收量的影响研究

本文考察了CO2体积分数、温度、气体流量、吸收液喷雾量、DBU体积分数等因素对CO2吸收量的影响.研究结果表明:各因素对CO2吸收量的影响大小顺序为CO2体积分数温度气体流量吸收液喷雾量DBU体积分数,DBU醇溶液喷雾吸收CO2的最佳条件是CO2体积分数15%、温度30℃、气体流量2.7 L·min-1、吸收液喷雾量30 m L·min-1、DBU体积分数5%,此时CO2吸收量为1.095 mol·mol-1.     

铅锌银矿区蔬菜中重金属吸收特征及分布规律

主要通过高压密闭消解方法,利用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)对采自南京市栖霞山铅锌银矿区周围几大类常见的蔬菜中Pb、cd、Cr、As等重金属元素含量进行分析研究.结果表明,不同蔬菜品种对重金属的富集程度有较大区别,整体上有葱蒜类＞绿叶类＞食用菌类＞白菜类＞薯芋类＞直根类＞茄果类＞豆类的趋势,Pb在叶菜类(葱蒜类和绿叶类)中具有相对强的富集程度.同一蔬菜不同部位对金属的吸收特征也不同,萝卜(Raphanus sativus)叶中Pb(含量范围为42.120～1.461 μg·g-1)和As平均含量为根(Pb含量范围为3.571～0.279μg·-1)的10倍,黄豆(Giycine max(L)Merrill)中重金属质量分数依次是豆叶+豆角皮＞豆茎＞黄豆皮＞黄豆.此外矿区菜园地中蔬菜对金属的富集和迁移受矿山开采的影响.通过本结果,可进一步了解矿区农田蔬菜受重金属污染的程度和特征,为合理布局蔬菜的种植提供建议,为进一步研究蔬菜中重金属的作用情况提供参考.