Fe~(3+)掺杂TiO_2/凹凸棒复合材料的光催化性能

采用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列Fe3+掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒(Fe3+-TiO2/ATP)复合光催化剂材料。在可见光条件下,以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的光催化降解反应,评价了样品的光催化性能,研究了TiO2负载量、Fe3+掺杂量和焙烧温度对复合材料光催化性能的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验设计(L25(53))优化了催化剂的制备条件。光催化实验结果表明,MB在复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学模型。正交实验结果表明,当TiO2负载量为15%、Fe3+掺杂量为0.5%和焙烧温度为550℃时,得到的复合材料对MB的光催化降解效率最佳,测得表观反应速率常数kapp为6.09×10-3min-1,反应4 h后MB的降解率(Dt)可达75.88%,相同实验条件下与P25(1.51×10-3min-1)相比较,反应速率提高了4.03倍,降解率提高了45.05%。另外,复合材料的沉降性能优于P25,易于分离,是一类有应用前景的复合光催化剂。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in plastic products,indoor dust,sediment and fish from informal e-waste recycling sites in Vietnam: a comprehensive assessment of contamination,accumulation pattern,emissions, and human exposure

Residue concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in different kinds of samples including consumer products, indoor dust, sediment and fish collected from two e-waste recycling sites, and some industrial, urban and suburban areas in Vietnam were determined to provide a comprehensive assessment of the contamination levels, accumulation pattern, emission potential and human exposure through dust ingestion and fish consumption. There was a large variation of PBDE levels in plastic parts of obsolete electronic equipment (from 1730 to 97,300 ng/g), which is a common result observed in consumer plastic products reported elsewhere. PBDE levels in indoor dust samples collected from e-waste recycling sites ranged from 250 to 8740 ng/g, which were markedly higher than those in industrial areas and household offices. Emission rate of PBDEs from plastic parts of disposed electronic equipment to dust was estimated to be in a range from 3.4 × 10^?7 to 1.2 × 10^?5 (year^?1) for total PBDEs and from 2.9 × 10^?7 to 7.2 × 10^?6 (year^?1) for BDE-209. Some fish species collected from ponds in e-waste recycling villages contained elevated levels of PBDEs, especially BDE-209, which were markedly higher than those in fish previously reported. Overall, levels and patterns of PBDE accumulation in different kinds of samples suggest significant emission from e-waste sites and that these areas are potential sources of PBDE contamination. Intakes of PBDEs via fish consumption were generally higher than those estimated through dust ingestion. Intake of BDE-99 and BDE-209 through dust ingestion contributes a large proportion due to higher concentrations in dust and fish. Body weight normalized daily intake through dust ingestion estimated for the e-waste recycling sites (0.10–3.46 ng/day/kg body wt.) were in a high range as compared to those reported in other countries. Our results highlight the potential releases of PBDEs from informal recycling activities and the high degree of human exposure and suggest the need for continuous investigations on environmental pollution and toxic impacts of e-waste-related hazardous chemicals.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface sediments of the Yangtze River Delta: Levels, distribution and potential hydrodynamic influence

A total of 32 surface sediments collected from the Yangtze River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay and the Qiantang River were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The concentrations of summation operatorPBDEs (sum of 12 PBDE congeners without BDE 209) and BDE 209 varied from n.d. to 0.55 and from 0.16 to 94.6 ng/g, respectively. The spatial variability of summation operatorPBDEs concentrations indicated that waste discharge from the urban areas might been the main source of PBDEs in the Yangtze River Delta. BDE 209 was the predominant congener (approximately 90-100%) detected among the 13 congeners, consistent with the fact that technical deca-BDE mixtures are presently the dominant technical PBDE mixtures used in China. Compared to published data acquired from other locales, PBDE congeners with less than four bromines were more abundant in the present study area. The hydrodynamic conditions may likely be a significant factor in dictating the observed levels and congener distribution patterns of PBDEs.     

投加沸石粉活性污泥搅拌参数优化及其对离子交换速率的影响研究

在0.3 m×0.3 m×0.36 m方形搅拌槽中初步探讨了不同的搅拌器类型、安装高度以及曝气强度对投加了沸石粉的高浓度活性污泥悬浮状态的影响,并根据固液悬浮理论确定了最佳的搅拌参数.同时,进行了不同搅拌速率下沸石对污水中氨氮的离子交换动力学研究.结果表明在无曝气的情况下,选用三叶推进式搅拌器,搅拌器离底高度为1/3搅拌器直径时所需要的临界搅拌速率最低.曝气有助于反应池中污泥的悬浮,对于30 g/L的污泥,当曝气强度由10 m3/(m2·h)增大1倍时,临界搅拌速率降低了50%.搅拌速率为120 r/min时,沸石对污水中氨氮的离子交换速率受膜扩散过程控制,当其增大为180 r/min时,其控制步骤为粒内扩散,沸石粉活性污泥达到完全均匀悬浮的临界搅拌速率不足以满足传质的要求.需增大一定程度.     

活性污泥数学模型中溶解性惰性COD的测定

溶解性惰性COD(S1)是决定污水处理厂出水COD能否达标的关键指标.针对溶解性微生物产物对S1测定的影响,对S1的测定方法进行了修正.实际生活污水的测定试验表明,该方法具有很好的重现性和准确性.在长距离输送的合流制污水的实测过程中发现:晴天条件下,瞬时样的S1/COD和Si/SCOD(溶解性COD)变动较大,在24 h混合样中St/COD和S1/SCOD较为稳定,分别为(9.2±0.3)%和(27.3士2.1)%;暴雨天气下,S1/COD和S1/SCOD会明显增加.     

A field study of the relationship between sulfide-bound metals and bioaccumulation by Limnodrilus sp. in a heavily polluted river

Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) has been regarded as an important factor controlling metal bioavailability in anoxic sediments, but its effect on metal accumulation under natural conditions is poorly understood. Here, a field study of the influence of AVS on metal accumulation by Limnodrilus sp. in a heavily polluted river is provided. Most of the study area was subject to anaerobic and strongly reducing conditions, and the concentration of trace metals in surface sediments was high, as were the concentration of AVS and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM; average AVS?=?20.3 μmol g^?1, average ∑SEM₅?=?9.42 μmol g^?1; ∑SEM₅ refers to the sum of SEM_Cd, SEM_Cu, SEM_Pb, SEM_Ni, and SEM_Zn). Only a few species and small quantities of benthic invertebrates were found, and Limnodrilus sp. was dominant. There was no correlation between trace metal accumulation and (SEM-AVS), and in stations where (SEM-AVS) <0, the absolute value of bioaccumulation was high (average ∑BIO₅?=?4.07 μmol g^?1; ∑BIO₅ refers to the sum of BIO_Cd, BIO_Cu, BIO_Pb, BIO_Ni, and BIO_Zn), indicating that there was no relationship between (SEM–AVS) and metal accumulation in Limnodrilus sp. This was likely because Limnodrilus sp. ingest sediment particles as their main food source, so pore water metals play a minor role in their bioaccumulation (BIO) of materials. However, ∑BIO₅ was significantly correlated with ∑SEM₅ (r?=?0.795, p?<?0.01), revealing that the large number of sulfide-bound metals (SEM) in sediments may play an important role in metal accumulation in Limnodrilus sp., which can assimilate sulfide-associated metals by the help of the digestive fluids in the digestive systems.     

Impact of renewable energy on economic growth? Novel evidence from developing countries through MMQR estimations

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to examine the association between economic growth and energy consumption (renewable and nonrenewable). The data was collected from 80...     

新型控失型肥料应用推广中存在的问题与对策研究

农业化肥的使用量持续增加,化肥过量使用导致的面源污染日益严重.科学的选择适当的肥料,可以有效地控制肥料使用量,从而控制农业化肥面源污染.控失型肥料是一种优质高效的新型环保型肥料,具有长效、增产、环保和节本省时等优点.农业生产过程中广泛应用控失型肥料可以有效降低农业化肥面源污染,实现农业生态、经济和社会效益有机统一.分析了控失型肥料推广应用中存在的问题,并提出保证其在农业生产中广泛推广的对策.     

南方稀土冶炼废水的特点及其处理技术研究

稀土冶炼分离过程产生大量的废水,废水中的主要污染物为氨氮、油类、COD和重金属离子等,如果不经处理直接排放,对水体会造成严重的污染.基于稀土冶炼分离工艺,阐述了稀土冶炼废水的特征,重点介绍了现有的稀土冶炼氨氮废水处理技术,包括蒸发浓缩结晶法、吹脱法、折点氯化法、化学沉淀法、离子交换法和膜分离法,分析了各种处理技术的适用性及优缺点,并对稀土冶炼分离废水处理技术进行了展望.     

A test method for determining biodegradabilityof organic substances

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