磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯导致小鼠神经毒性结局的潜在靶点研究

磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCPP)在环境介质及生物样本中被广泛检出,为探究TDCPP的潜在神经毒性以及作用机制,以C57BL/6小鼠为动物模型,考察经300 mg·kg-1·d-1的TDCPP持续染毒35 d后,小鼠大脑皮层神经功能相关因子及血清代谢组学的变化.结果显示,小鼠在TDCPP染毒35 d后,大...     

239+240Pu, 90Sr and 137Cs inventories in surface soils of Vietnam

Fallout 239+240Pu, 238Pu, 90Sr and 137Cs inventories in surface soils were measured for 20 locations in northern Vietnam yielding the mean values (+/- standard error) of 26.5+/-3.8 Bq m(-2) for 239+240Pu, 1048+/-143 Bq m(-2) for 137Cs and 212+/-28 Bq m(-2) for 90Sr. The concentrations of 137Cs and plutonium isotopes strongly correlate with each other resulting in a stable 239+240Pu/137Cs inventory ratio of 0.025+/-0.002. Among soil parameters, organic matter and fulvic acids strongly correlate with caesium and plutonium isotopes, especially in the 0-10 cm layer. 137Cs and 239+240Pu are distributed rather similarly over the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers. At locations with high contents of sand (82-93%) along the South China Sea coast, the downward percolation by rainwater results in a higher accumulation of 239+240Pu and 137Cs in the 10-20 cm layer. The mean 137Cs/ 90Sr inventory ratio is 9.3+/-2.2, and the correlation is weak between these isotopes.     

哈尔滨新区不同下垫面悬浮大气微塑料污染特征及潜在生态风险评估

悬浮大气微塑料（Suspended atmospheric microplastics,SAMPs）已被确定为水、土壤等环境单元的重要污染来源之一,并构成一定的潜在生态风险.为了解SAMPs在不同环境中的差异,本研究以哈尔滨新区为研究区,使用便携式大气颗粒物采样器（Airmetrics,USA）对该区域6种不同下垫面的空气进行采集,经过立体显微镜观察和傅里叶红外光谱仪（VERTEX 80）分析后,证实SAMPs广泛存在并得出关于SAMPs丰度分布、类型、粒径、颜色和化学组成成分的数据信息.结果显示,碎片状SAMPs是耕地的优势类型,其他下垫面的优势类型为纤维状SAMPs;不同下垫面SAMPs的粒径组成结构相似,尺寸为1～35μm的SAMPs占总数的80.71%,其中,林地、草地和水域的小粒径SAMPs占比大于其他下垫面,并且未发现粒径大于100μm的SAMPs;透明微塑料是各下垫面SAMPs的主要颜色类型,其中,建设用地和水域SAMPs中彩色微塑料偏多,这与人类活动有直接关系;各下垫面SAMPs的聚合物组成包括聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚苯乙烯（P...     

碳源对耐低温哈尔滨不动杆菌HITLi7T氨氮代谢以及胞外分泌物的影响

碳源对微生物异养硝化至关重要,为了探究碳源对耐低温异养硝化菌-哈尔滨不动杆菌HITLi 7~T低温生长和氨氮代谢的影响,考察了乙酸钠、碳酸钠、淀粉、柠檬酸钠、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘油、糊精、乳糖和麦芽糖10种碳源.结果表明,碳源种类对HITLi 7~T低温生长速率和胞外分泌物含量影响较大.乙酸钠是HITLi 7~T的最优碳源,低温下培养4 d后OD_(600)能提高到0.146,产生的ATP也明显高于其他组,为5.124μmol·mg~(-1)·prot~(-1);此时,总胞外分泌物量最多,为3.86 mg·L~(-1),多糖占比也最高为41.7%;4 d氨氮平均降解速率最大,为0.042 mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1);其次为葡萄糖和碳酸钠.同时考察了不同碳氮比的影响,结果表明HITLi 7~T以乙酸钠为碳源时,最佳C/N比为8,此时氨氮去除速率最高为0.216 mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1),总EPS量为7.04 mg·L~(-1),其中多糖占比为55.3%.     

Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China

Spatial distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons [chlorinated pesticides (CPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was measured in riverine and estuarine sediment samples from Pearl River Delta, China, collected in 1997. Concentrations of CPs of the riverine sediment samples range from 12 to 158 ng/g, dry weight, while those of PCBs range from 11 to 486 ng/g. The CPs concentrations of the estuarine sediment samples are in the range 6-1658 ng/g, while concentrations of PCBs are in the range 10-339 ng/g. Total PAH concentration ranges from 1168 to 21,329 ng/g in the riverine sediment samples, whereas the PAH concentration ranges from 323 to 14,812 ng/g in the sediment samples of the Estuary. Sediment samples of the Zhujiang River and Macao harbor around the Estuary show the highest concentrations of CPs, PCBs, and PAHs. Possible factors affecting the distribution patterns are also discussed based on the usage history of the chemicals, hydrologic condition, and land erosion due to urbanization processes. The composition of PAHs is investigated and used to assess petrogenic, combustion and naturally derived PAHs of the sediment samples of the Pearl River Delta. In addition, the concentrations of a number of organic compounds of the Pearl River Delta samples indicate that sediments of the Zhujiang river and Macao harbor are most likely to pose biological impairment.     

载2,4-DCP粉末活性炭微波再生的影响因素

2,4-DCP(2,4-二氯苯酚)是一种具有代表性的氯酚类化合物,在我国和欧美等国的饮用水水质标准中,氯酚类化合物都被列为优先控制污染物。实验以2,4-DCP溶液作为给水中难降解有机物的模拟水样,使用粉末活性炭(PAC)对其吸附至饱和后进行微波辐照再生,探讨了影响活性炭再生效果的诸多因素。以N2为载气的正交实验结果表明:在微波功率为800 W,再生时间为3 min,载气流量为0.6 L/min的控制条件下可得到最佳的再生效果;另选CO2为载气对活性炭再生进行比照实验,结果表明CO2载气的再生效果略优于N2,具有活化作用。     

热湿舒适性运动面料研究概况

影响运动服装综合舒适性的因素很多,其中,热湿舒适性是评价运动服装舒适性的一项重要指标,它直接影响到人们的健康情况以及运动员在运动项目中的能力发挥情况,成为运动服装面料开发过程中不可忽视的重要环节。本文介绍了运动面料的热湿传递机理,通过分析影响运动服装热湿舒适性的重要因素来探讨运动服装面料的研究现状,并详细介绍了目前已经开发或即将开发的具备热湿舒适性的运动服装面料的种类。     

工程机械不同工况下PM_(2.5)排放及其碳质组分特征

我国工程机械排放控制起步较晚.为研究实际工况下工程机械的PM2.5排放特性及其碳质组分构成,采用便携式颗粒物稀释采样系统,对3台工程机械(2台挖掘机和1台装载机)在不同典型工况(行驶、作业和怠速)下的PM2.5及其碳质组分〔OC(有机碳)和EC(元素碳)〕的现场排放特征进行了测试.结果表明:沃尔沃挖掘机、山河智能挖掘机的PM2.5排放因子(基于燃油)分别为1.85~3.26和1.56~2.62 g/kg,厦工装载机的PM2.5排放因子为0.98~1.48 g/kg.不同工况对PM2.5排放因子影响较大,怠速工况下PM2.5排放因子是行驶工况下的1.49~1.76倍.工程机械排放的PM2.5中,碳质组分是最主要的成分,其质量分数高达71.0%~84.5%.其中,w(OC)为44.6%~72.0%,在怠速工况下最高;w(EC)则为8.6%~30.9%,在行驶工况下较高.测试工程机械的PM2.5排放水平较高,因此应尽快加强工程机械排放的污染防治.     

Potential energy production from organic waste and its environmental and economic impacts at a tertiary institution in Palestine

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most well-known biomass resources that can be utilized to produce renewable energy. Numerous countries are plagued by the proliferation of waste, particularly organic waste that can be utilized for energy recovery. Palestine suffers from inefficient solid waste management, and only recently have a few projects focused on bioenergy production been implemented. Throughout the years, the city of Tulkarm experiences power outages which cause a challenge to the Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie campus in Tulkarm. Thus, the possibility of energy recovery from the organic portion in Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie was evaluated. The analysis of an economic impact included discussions of a number of economic aspects, including Levelized cost of energy, internal rate of return, present worth, annual worth, and payback period. On the other hand, a carbon dioxide savings analysis and gas emission were evaluated. The outcomes of the energy optimization demonstrated that the suggested system could supply the institution with an average of roughly 7 MWh of electrical energy. According to the economic study, this project offers 0.25 million dollars in present value, 0.144 million dollars in annual value, a 13 percent internal rate of return, a payback period of 6 years, and a levelized cost of energy of 0.11 dollars for each kWh generated. Additionally, the environmental assessment revealed that this system might reduce CO₂ emissions by around 8,343,778 tons. For effective waste management, energy recovery, and emission reduction, it is advised to implement anaerobic digestion technology.