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531.
Indaziflam is a new preemergence herbicide for the control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in various cropping systems including pecan orchards. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the mobility and dissipation of indaziflam and (2) evaluate herbicide efficacy in a flood-irrigated pecan orchard in southern New Mexico, USA. Indaziflam was applied at 0, 36.5, and 73.1 g/ha in areas with (impacted) and without (unimpacted) tree injury symptoms. Soil samples were collected at 0–15, 15–30, and 30–46 cm depths 26, 63, 90, and 126 days after the first herbicide application. Additional soil samples were collected 4, 30, and 56 days after the second application. Indaziflam was detected in soil samples collected at each depth, suggesting movement with irrigation water. Indaziflam concentrations decreased with increasing soil depth and time. Indaziflam mass recoveries were greater in the unimpacted area than in the impacted area after the first and second applications. Dissipation half-lives of indaziflam in the soil ranged from 30 to 86 days for total indaziflam recovered from the entire soil profile after the first and second applications in both areas. The percent weed control was similar in the impacted and unimpacted areas for both rates of indaziflam on 26 and 63 days after application; however, on 90 days after the application, percent weed control was lower in the impacted than unimpacted area. 相似文献
532.
Jason F. L. Koopman Onno Kuik Richard S. J. Tol Roy Brouwer 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(2):325-347
One of the climate change scenarios that have been developed for the Netherlands predicts hotter and drier summers and a substantial drop in river discharge. This might lead to water scarcity with detrimental economic and environmental effects. Among the possible adaptation responses to climate change-induced water scarcity, the re-allocation of water resources among competing uses should also be considered. In this paper, we extend and apply a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the potential of water markets (water allocation according to its shadow price) to guide the allocation of scarce water across agriculture, manufacturing, and public water supply. We develop four scenarios in which the scope of water markets is increased from industry-specific to economy-wide. The results show that the agricultural sector bears nearly all of the losses from a new water-scarce climate, while the manufacturing sectors are able to mitigate their losses to a large extent by technical measures. Extending the scope of water markets unambiguously increases economic output and results in a re-allocation of water to the manufacturing sector from the agricultural sector and from public water services. If, perhaps for political reasons, public water services are excluded from water trading, water is re-allocated from agriculture to manufacturing. Depending on which sectors are included, the construction of a water market can have negative or positive effects on a sector’s output, and although the implementation of water markets may be positive for overall economic output and can hence assist adaptation, the effect on vulnerable or societally sensitive economic sectors, such as public water, should be taken into account when implementing such a market. 相似文献
533.
Sonia Akter Roy Brouwer Saria Choudhury Salina Aziz 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(3):215-229
The study aims to assess the commercial viability of a potential crop insurance market in Bangladesh. In a large scale household
survey, agricultural farm households were asked for their preferences for a hypothetical crop insurance scheme using double
bounded (DB) contingent valuation (CV) method. Both revenue and production cost based indemnity payment approaches were applied
to assess the commercial viability of a crop insurance program assuming a partner-agent (PA) model of insurance supply. Crop
insurance is found marginally commercially viable in riverine flood plain areas. The expected indemnity payable consistently
exceeds the expected insurance premium receivable by the insurer for the households living in wetland basin and coastal floodplain.
We conclude that a uniform structure of crop insurance market does not exist in Bangladesh. The nature of the disaster risks
faced by the farm households and the socio-economic characteristics of the rural farm communities need to be taken into careful
consideration while designing such an insurance scheme.
相似文献
Sonia AkterEmail: |
534.
Asbestos cement (AC) pipes were commonly installed in the drinking water distribution systems from the mid 1920s to the late 1980s. In recent years, an increase in the number of water main breaks has occurred in the AC portions of some pipe networks, which can be partially attributed to the corrosion of the aged pipes. This study evaluated the potential role that microorganisms may have played in the degeneration and failure of AC pipes. In this study, a fresh AC pipe section was collected from the distribution network of the City of Regina, Canada and examined for microbiological activities and growth on inside surfaces of pipe sample. Black slime bacterial growths were found to be attached to inner pipe surfaces and a distinctively fibrous internal coating (patina) with iron oxides was formed over the time. The microbial populations inside the patina and the black slime were tested with BART(tm) testers. Heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (HAB) and slime forming bacteria (SLYM) dominated in both the black growths and inside the patina. Iron related bacteria, denitrification bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria were also commonly present. Microbial challenge assays were conducted by submerging the cut segments of the AC pipe into selected bacterial cultures for a period of 10 days under both aerobic and anaerobic environments. Weight changes were determined and the surface morphology was examined for each of the assayed pipe segments. Results indicated that acid producing bacteria, SLYM and HAB could facilitate the pipe weight loss under anaerobic environments. 相似文献
535.
Karnatak Gunjan Das Basanta Kumar Sarkar Uttam Kumar Borah Simanku Roy Aparna Parida Pranay Lianthuamluaia Lianthuamluaia Das Archan Kanti Behera Bijay Kumar Pandit Arun Sahoo Amiya Kumar Bhattacharjya Birendra Kumar Chakraborty Sangeeta Mondal Kausik Chandra Purna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(50):75431-75440
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rapid degradation, overexploitation, and encroachment of floodplain wetlands have led to considerable decline in fish diversity and production... 相似文献
536.
Somani Mohit Datta Manoj Ramana G. V. Hölzle Ingo Sundaram Ravi Sreekrishnan T. R. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):1902-1912
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study characterizes the municipal solid waste (MSW) accumulated for more than 25 years at Bhalswa dumpsite, Delhi, India. 50... 相似文献
537.
Rabbany Md Ghulam Mehmood Yasir Hoque Fazlul Sarker Tanwne Hossain Kh Zulfikar Khan Arshad Ahmad Hossain Mohammad Shakhawat Roy Rana Luo Jianchao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):444-456
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study analyzes the effects of credit constraints on technical efficiency of Boro rice growers in the district of Pabna in Bangladesh. Using a... 相似文献
538.
Laura K. Blamey Éva E. Plagányi Trevor Hutton Roy A. Deng Judy Upston Annie Jarrett 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13864
Short-lived, fast-growing species that contribute greatly to global capture fisheries are sensitive to fluctuations in the environment. Uncertainties in exact stock–environment relationships have meant that environmental variability and extremes have been difficult to integrate directly into fisheries management. We applied a management strategy evaluation approach for one of Australia's large prawn stocks to test the robustness of harvest control rules to environmental variability. The model ensemble included coupled environmental-population models and an alternative catchability scenario fitted to historical catch per unit effort data. We compared the efficacy of alternative management actions to conserve marine resources under a variable environment while accounting for fisher livelihoods. Model fits to catch per unit effort were reasonably good and similar across operating models (OMs). For models that were coupled to the environment, environmental parameters for El Niño years were estimated with good associated precision, and OM3 had a lower AIC score (77.61) than the base model (OM1, 80.39), whereas OM2 (AIC 82.41) had a similar AIC score, suggesting the OMs were all plausible model alternatives. Our model testing resulted in a plausible subset of management options, and stakeholders selected a permanent closure of the first fishing season based on overall performance of this option; ability to reduce the risk of fishery closure and stock collapse; robustness to uncertainties; and ease of implementation. Our simulation approach enabled the selection of an optimal yet pragmatic solution for addressing economic and conservation objectives under a variable environment with extreme events. 相似文献
539.
Mohanty Trupti Rani Tiwari Nitish Kumar Kumari Suman Ray Archisman Manna Ranjan Kumar Bayen Supriti Roy Shreya Das Gupta Subhadeep Ramteke Mitesh Hiradas Swain Himanshu Sekhar Bhor Manisha Das Basanta Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(25):37498-37512
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen 1979 are considered as the eco-variable species which varies in density and diversity along with their... 相似文献
540.
Dehghani Mohammad Hadi Roy Sharmili Karri Rama Rao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(57):85559-85561
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献