Occurrence of monoethylmercury in the Florida Everglades: Identification and verification

A few studies have reported the occurrence of monoethylmercury (CH₃CH₂Hg⁺) in the natural environment, but further verification is needed due to the lack of direct evidence and/or uncertainty in analytical procedures. Various analytical techniques were employed to verify the occurrence of CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ in soil of the Florida Everglades. The identity of CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ in Everglades soil was clarified, for the first time, by GC/MS. The employment of the recently developed aqueous phenylation-purge-and-trap-GC coupled with ICPMS confirmed that the detected CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ was not a misidentification of CH₃SHg⁺. Stable isotope-tracer experiments further indicated that the detected CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ indeed originated from Everglades soil and was not an analytical artifact. All these evidence clearly confirmed the occurrence of CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ in Everglades soil, presumably as a consequence of ethylation occurring in this wetland. The prevalence of CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ in Everglades soil suggests that ethylation could play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of Hg.     

玛纳斯河流域生态系统服务功能价值研究

土地利用/覆被变化是生态环境演变最重要的因素之一,其研究对于促进区域生态经济协调发展有重要意义。根据1976年和2006年玛纳斯河流域两期遥感影像资料,基于生态经济学的最新方法采用卫星遥感技术以及Costanza等的生态系统服务价值评价手段,对期间玛纳斯河流域生态服务系统服务功能价值变化进行分析研究。结果表明:①玛纳斯流域土地利用结构变化在30年间表现为草地、林地、不断减少,而耕地、水域、沙地和建设用地不断增加,反映出人类因素及生态环境恶化的趋势;②该流域生态系统服务功能价值总额由1976年123.831 08元减少至2006年101.521 08元。减幅:18.02%,年均减少0.741 08元,通过对玛纳斯河流域生态系统服务功能价值进行评价,为玛纳斯河流域生态开发和治理,以及环境整治提供决策依据。     

我国森林限额采伐制度的完善

针对目前我国森林限额采伐制度存在的诸如采伐指标缺乏科学性,生态效益和经济效益难以兼顾,经营者林木处置权难以保障,执行难等现实困境,以中国林情分析为切入点,分析完善森林限额采伐制度的契机和动力,从困境根源着手,提出了完善林业税费制度、健全生态效益补偿机制、科学编制森林限额采伐、加强基层林业队伍建设、创新森林资源管理新方式以及强化森林资源监管力度等对策建议。     

脱硫灰用作钙质材料制备蒸压加气混凝土砖块

为实现半干法脱硫灰的资源化利用,采用半干法脱硫灰作为蒸压加气混凝土砖块中的钙质材料。对脱硫灰进行预处理,使其在含水量20%条件下消化2 h后,烘干。在其他条件不变情况下,掺入经过预处理后的脱硫灰,砖块的抗压强度会有明显的提高。增加经过预处理后的脱硫灰的掺入量,可以在不影响砖块的抗压强度性能的基础之上,降低砖块的干燥收缩值和导热系数,同时提高砖块的抗冻性能和保温隔热性能。     

酸热处理提剩余污泥胞外聚合物的条件优化

以蛋白质浓度、多糖浓度和DNA浓度为表征,对酸热法提取剩余活性污泥中的胞外聚合物进行了条件优化,考察了pH值、温度和提取时间对破解剩余污泥细胞提胞外聚合物(EPS)效率影响的最优条件,并对EPS提取液进行FT-IR分析。结果表明,影响提取效率大小为pH值>温度>提取时间,酸热处理提胞外聚合物的最佳条件为pH=1.25,T=100℃,t=4 h。     

Predicting regional space–time variation of PM2.5 with land-use regression model and MODIS data

Purpose  

Existing land-use regression (LUR) models use land use/cover, population, and traffic information to predict long-term intra-urban variation of air pollution. These models are limited to explaining spatial variation of air pollutants, and few of them are capable of addressing temporal variability. This article proposes a space–time LUR model at a regional scale by incorporating aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS).     

杂多酸水溶液脱除烟气中SO2的性能研究

合成了H3PMo12O40、H4SiW12O40、H3PW12O40、H4PMo11VO40、H5PMo10V2O40和H6PMo9V3O406种杂多酸,分别采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征杂多酸的结构,并采用气相色谱仪对6种杂多酸水溶液进行脱硫实验测试.实验结果表明:制备的6种杂多酸具有良好的Ke...     

皂素提取头道液的典型有机物组成研究

利用紫外、红外拉曼光谱和GC/MS对传统皂素生产工艺、S-F工艺和E-S工艺头道液废水的有机物组成进行了分析。结果表明,传统工艺、S-F和E-S工艺头道液废水的有机物主要是醛类,此外,传统工艺头道液中检测到的22种有机物中,还有大量生物难降解的杂环类（12.24%）;而S-F和E-S工艺头道液中检测到的25种和31种有...     

Bioaccumulation, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether in crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are extensively used as a class of flame retardants and have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Significant biotransformation of some PBDEs via reductive debromination has been observed. However, little is known about the fate of lower brominated BDEs in fish. In this study, the tissue distribution, excretion, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE 15) were investigated in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) which were exposed to spiked water solution at different concentrations for 50 d, followed by a 14-d depuration period. Bioaccumulation parameters were calculated and the results showed that BDE 15 was mainly concentrated in the gill and liver. In particular, five biotransformation products of BDE 15 in carp were identified using GC-MS/MS. Besides two debrominated metabolites, three of the metabolites were mono-OH-BDE 15, diOH-BDE 15 and bromophenol. Our results unequivocally suggested that BDE 15 oxidation did occur via the formation of hydroxylated (OH-) metabolites in crucian carp exposed in vivo. These findings will be useful for determination of the metabolic pathways of PBDEs in freshwater fish, especially about their oxidation metabolism.     

铅锌矿尾矿制备陶粒处理选矿废水

以铅锌矿浮选尾矿为原料,水玻璃和木质素作为添加剂,通过高温焙烧,制备水处理陶粒,并用其对选矿废水进行了吸附处理实验研究。实验结果表明,在不添加任何添加剂的条件下,800℃左右烧制的陶粒对选矿废水的COD吸附效果较好,COD去除率达到87.1%;当木质素+水玻璃作为粘结剂烧制陶粒时,不仅陶粒散落减少,COD的去除率和吸附容量都有所增加,COD去除率达到了88.21%,从而达到了"以废治废"的目的。