高效液相色谱法检测水中5种微囊藻毒素

使用Agilent1260型高效液相色谱仪,建立定量测定天然水体中5种微囊藻毒素（MC-RR、YR、LR、LA、LY）的分析方法。比较甲醇/三氟乙酸（TFA）水溶液与甲醇/磷酸两种流动相体系,待测物质的响应程度,结果发现,TFA作为缓冲溶液时,基线较磷酸稳定,因此,选择甲醇/TFA水溶液作为流动相。比较不同TFA体积比例,待测物质的分离程度,结果显示,甲醇/0.02%的TFA水溶液作为流动相时,5种MCs含量的分离度较好。比较等度和梯度洗脱条件,发现,梯度洗脱条件5种MCs的分离度较等度洗脱条件好。该方法 MC-RR、YR、LR、LA、LY的最低检出限（LOD）分别为0.015、0.035、0.018、0.032和0.026μg/L,最低定量限（LOQ）分别是0.049、0.117、0.062、0.106和0.086μg/L。在0.10～1.50μg/mL的线性范围内,相关系数R2≥0.99,实际水样回收率为73.9%～103.3%。     

组合菌株固态发酵鱼粉废液和豆粕工艺研究

鱼粉废液中富含蛋白、多肽等多种成分,豆粕是一种优质的植物蛋白源。为了实现蛋白资源的回收和高效利用,对鱼粉废液和豆粕混合物进行微生物固态发酵的工艺研究。实验以可溶性多肽和胰蛋白酶抑制因子(TI)含量作为检测指标,确定了最优发酵条件,即纳豆芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌复合配比2∶1,接种量6%,豆粕与鱼粉废液浓缩液比(w/v)1∶0.8,起始温度35℃,发酵时间48 h。该条件下发酵产物中的可溶性多肽含量增至22.64%,TI降至1.38 mg/g,益生菌数量达11.6×109CFU/g。通过对比发酵原料和终产物,表明鱼粉废液和豆粕经微生物复合发酵后,品质得到明显改善。     

基于Paircopula函数和标准化径流指数的水文干旱频率分析——以南盘江流域为例

选取南盘江流域3个水文站52 a（1961~2012年）的逐月径流资料,联合两个相邻站点,分别计算标准化径流指数（SSFI）,运用游程理论识别52 a来不同站点干旱特征,并用Pair copula函数计算不同站点的联合重现期。结果表明：（1）52 a来3个站点干旱特征值的最大值都出现在2011~2012年;从单个站点看,52 a来沾益站的干旱次数、最大干旱历时、最大干旱烈度均大于高谷马站和江边街站,最大干旱峰值出现在江边街站;从联合站点看,中游以上高谷马站和沾益站的干旱特征值均大于中游以下高谷马站和江边街站,3个站点联合识别的干旱特征值大于中下游站点联合识别干旱特征值,小于中上游站点联合识别干旱特征值,上游干旱更严重;（2）Frank Pair copula函数的RMSE、AIC和BIC值最小,拟合程度最高,适合运用于南盘江流域干旱频率分析中;（3）运用Frank Pair copula函数计算得到3个水文站点2009~2012年的连续干旱重现期都在100~200 a,是52 a来最严重的一次干旱     

氮改性活性碳纤维的脱硫作用

为了提高活性碳纤维的脱硫性能,使用三聚氰胺、氯化铵、尿素作为改性剂对活性碳纤维进行改性,得到一系列含氮活性碳纤维(N-ACFs).通过XPS研究了改性活性碳纤维的表面化学结构的变化,并测定了其脱硫性能.实验发现:三聚氰胺改性ACF的最大累积硫容为38.26 mg/g,氯化铵改性ACF的最大累积硫容33.69 mg/g,...     

三峡库区干湿交替消落区土壤磷形态

结合三峡水库“蓄清排浊”、反季节调度模式,通过对消落区首次自然干湿交替土壤中磷的赋存形式、含量变化的分析,揭示了新生消落区土壤中磷的分布特征和释放规律。结果表明：水库夏季低水位运行时上覆水总磷含量远高于冬季枯水期高水位时上覆水总磷含量,且由于汛期径流量大,上下游上覆水总磷含量波动明显。自然干湿交替状态下土壤中不同形态磷分布规律一致,活性磷、有机磷含量变化程度剧烈,成为新生消落区上覆水内源磷负荷的主要来源,且库区首次蓄水至175 m后新生消落区土壤有机磷是土壤内源磷贡献的主要承担者。覆水初期干湿交替土壤各形态磷含量没有显著差异。覆水后消落区土壤总磷释放程度与本底土壤的总磷、有机磷、活性磷呈现出显著线性相关关系。新生消落区土壤作为潜在磷源,在成库初期对库区水质影响不大。
     

Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer test case at typical road environment

● A single particle observation was conducted in a high traffic flow road environment. ● Major particle types were vehicle exhausts, coal burning, and biomass burning. ● Contribution of non-exhaust emissions was calculated via PMF. ● Proportion of non-exhaust emissions can reach 10.1 % at road environment. A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to accurately quantify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions to particulate matter at typical road environment. The PM_2.5, black carbon, meteorological parameters and traffic flow were recorded during the test period. The daily trend for traffic flow and speed on TEDA Street showed obvious “M” and “W” characteristics. 6.3 million particles were captured via the SPAMS, including 1.3 million particles with positive and negative spectral map information. Heavy Metal, High molecular Organic Carbon, Organic Carbon, Mixed Carbon, Elemental Carbon, Rich Potassium, Levo-rotation Glucose, Rich Na, SiO₃ and other categories were analyzed. The particle number concentration measured by SPAMS showed a good linear correlation with the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 and BC, which indicates that the particulate matter captured by the SPAMS reflects the pollution level of fine particulate matter. EC, ECOC, OC, HM and crustal dust components were found to show high values from 7:00–9:00 AM, showing that these chemical components are directly or indirectly related to vehicle emissions. Based on the PMF model, 7 major factors are resolved. The relative contributions of each factor were determined: vehicle exhaust emission (44.8 %), coal-fired source (14.5 %), biomass combustion (12.2 %), crustal dust (9.4 %), ship emission (9.0 %), tires wear (6.6 %) and brake pads wear (3.5 %). The results show that the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust to particulate matter at roadside environment is approximately 10.1 %. Vehicle non-exhaust emissions are the focus of future research in the vehicle pollutant emission control field.     

Research on buildings impacting on aerosol diffusing in urban area using remote sensing

Employing remote sensing method to interpret the building volumetric ratio and aerosol status in Guangzhou, China. The relation between them and identified characteristics of their spatial distribution was analyzed. Results showed that building density and aerosol status are strongly correlated. It is indicated that the resistance of building to aerosol diffusing is one of factors influencing air pollution in urban area. On the basis of calculated results, building voluminous ratio of 5.6 is taken as the threshold impacting on aerosol diffusing, so the buildina voluminous ratio of Guanazhou should be limited to less than 5.6 in order to alleviate air pollution.     

Epilithic biofilm as a reservoir for functional virulence factors in wastewater-dominant rivers after WWTP upgrade

Virulence factors (VFs) confer upon pathogens the ability to cause various types of damage or diseases. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important point sources for the emission of pathogens and VFs into receiving rivers. Conventional WWTP upgrades are often implemented to improve the water quality of receiving ecosystems. However, knowledge on the pathogens, VFs, and health risks to receiving aquatic ecosystems after upgrade remains limited. In this study, we investigated detailed pathogenic information, including taxa, pathogenicity, and health risk, in two wastewater-dominant rivers after WWTP upgrade. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we screened 14 potential pathogens in water and epilithic biofilm samples, though they were significantly more enriched in the biofilms. Combining 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing data, we identified Pseudomonas and Aeromonas as the dominant pathogenic taxa carrying functional VFs (e.g., mobility and offensive) in the epilithic biofilm. Moreover, strong pathogen-specific VF-host co-occurrence events were observed in the epilithic biofilm samples, indicating the importance of biofilms as reservoirs and vehicles for VFs. Further, we demonstrated that mobility VF is crucial for biofilm formation and pathogens in biofilm carrying offensive VF may be highly invasive. Quantification and health risk assessment suggested that the skin contact risk of P. aeruginosa carrying VFs was higher than the acceptable probability of 10^?4 in both water and epilithic biofilm samples, which may threaten ecological and human health.     

Heat-treatment recycling of waste toner and its applications in lithium ion batteries

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - With the growing demand of print and copy in modern society, the number of abandoned toner cartridges has increased year by year. Unfortunately,...