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441.
Santoyo MM Flores CR Torres AL Wrobel K Wrobel K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2387-2392
In this work, possible relationships between global DNA methylation and metal/metalloid concentrations in earthworms have been explored. Direct correlation was observed between soil and tissue As, Se, Sb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ag, Co, Hg, Pb (p < 0.05). Speciation results obtained for As and Hg hint at the capability of earthworms for conversion of inorganic element forms present in soil to methylated species. Inverse correlation was observed between the percentage of methylated DNA cytosines and total tissue As, As + Hg, As + Hg + Se + Sb (β = −0.8456, p = 0.071; β = −0.9406, p = 0.017; β = −0.9526, p = 0.012 respectively), as well as inorganic As + Hg (β = −0.8807, p = 0.049). It was concluded that earthworms would be particularly helpful as bioindicators of elements undergoing in vivo methylation and might also be used to assess the related risk of epigenetic changes in DNA methylation. 相似文献
442.
Moreno MJ D'Arienzo P Manclús JJ Montoya A 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(6):509-517
The aim of this work was the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and highly sensitive immunoassays (ELISAs) to bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor able to migrate from the internal coating of cans to food contained inside, particularly vegetables. To produce MAbs to BPA, four synthetic compounds were conjugated to proteins and used as immunizing haptens in mice. By applying hybridoma technology, several MAbs were produced and selected. These antibodies were characterized in the conjugate-coated and in the antibody-coated formats, using both homologous and heterologous conjugates. Three indirect ELISA based on the MAbs showing the highest affinity to BPA were selected. The limit of detection of the most sensitive ELISA was 0.22 nM (0.05 ng/mL), with an I?? value of around 1 nM (0.23 ng/mL). An homologous ELISA based on the MAb BPAB-11 was applied to the simple, direct determination of BPA in the liquid portion of canned artichoke, peas, and sweet corn. Only sample dilution in an appropriate saline buffer was required to minimize matrix effects and to enter the ELISA working range. Recovery and precision of the method were evaluated by spiking the liquid portion of these cans with BPA at 20, 50, and 100 ng/mL. Coefficients of variation were below 20% in most cases. With regard to recovery, the analytical data obtained were also acceptable. This immunoassay has therefore proved its potential as a new tool for the rapid, sensitive and accurate determination of BPA in canned food. 相似文献
443.
Benito-López B Moreno-Enguix Mdel R Solana-Ibañez J 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(6):1099-1108
Effective waste management systems can make critical contributions to public health, environmental sustainability and economic development. The challenge affects every person and institution in society, and measures cannot be undertaken without data collection and a quantitative analysis approach. In this paper, the two-stage double bootstrap procedure of Simar and Wilson (2007) is used to estimate the efficiency determinants of Spanish local entities in the provision of public street-cleaning and refuse collection services. The purpose is to identify factors that influence efficiency. The final sample comprised 1072 municipalities. In the first stage, robust efficiency estimates are obtained with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We apply the second stage, based on a truncated-regression, to estimate the effect of a group of environmental factors on DEA estimates. The results show the existence of a significant relation between efficiency and all the variables analysed (per capita income, urban population density, the comparative index of the importance of tourism and that of the whole economic activity). We have also considered the influence of a dummy categorical variable - the political sign of the governing party - on the efficient provision of the services under study. The results from the methodology proposed show that municipalities governed by progressive parties are more efficient. 相似文献
444.
Ana Cruz del Álamo María Isabel Pariente Ioanna Vasiliadou Beatriz Padrino Daniel Puyol Raúl Molina Fernando Martínez 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(35):34884-34892
Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not able to remove completely some emerging contaminants, such as residual pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) with potential ecotoxicity to water bodies. An advanced bio-oxidation process (ABOP) using white-rot fungi (WRF) has been proposed as alternative biological treatment for degradation of non-biodegradable compounds. A synthetic and real wastewater spiked with 12 PCs at 50 μg L?1 was treated by means of ABOP based on WRF in a rotating biological contactor (RBC) at 1 day of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The ABOP achieved a remarkable biological performance in terms of TOC removal and reduction of N-NH4 + and P-PO4 3? nutrients. Likewise, 5 of the 12 PCs were eliminated with removal efficiencies ranging from 80 to 95%, whereas 6 of 12 PCs were eliminated with removal values ranging from 50 to 70%. The anaerobic digestion of the fungal sludge generated upon the treatment was also evaluated, obtaining a methane yield of 250 mL CH4 gVS ?1. These results evidenced that the proposed ABOP is a promising alternative for the sustainable wastewater treatment of urban effluents, combining advanced oxidation with biological operation for the removal of emerging PCs and energy recovery. 相似文献
445.
Biogeochemical indicators of elevated nitrogen deposition in semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Raúl Ochoa-Hueso María Arróniz-Crespo Matthew A. Bowker Fernando T. Maestre M. Esther Pérez-Corona Mark R. Theobald Marta G. Vivanco Esteban Manrique 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(9):5831-5842
Nitrogen (N) deposition has doubled the natural N inputs received by ecosystems through biological N fixation and is currently a global problem that is affecting the Mediterranean regions. We evaluated the existing relationships between increased atmospheric N deposition and biogeochemical indicators related to soil chemical factors and cryptogam species across semiarid central, southern, and eastern Spain. The cryptogam species studied were the biocrust-forming species Pleurochaete squarrosa (moss) and Cladonia foliacea (lichen). Sampling sites were chosen in Quercus coccifera (kermes oak) shrublands and Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) forests to cover a range of inorganic N deposition representative of the levels found in the Iberian Peninsula (between 4.4 and 8.1 kg N ha?1 year?1). We extended the ambient N deposition gradient by including experimental plots to which N had been added for 3 years at rates of 10, 20, and 50 kg N ha?1 year?1. Overall, N deposition (extant plus simulated) increased soil inorganic N availability and caused soil acidification. Nitrogen deposition increased phosphomonoesterase (PME) enzyme activity and PME/nitrate reductase (NR) ratio in both species, whereas the NR activity was reduced only in the moss. Responses of PME and NR activities were attributed to an induced N to phosphorus imbalance and to N saturation, respectively. When only considering the ambient N deposition, soil organic C and N contents were positively related to N deposition, a response driven by pine forests. The PME/NR ratios of the moss were better predictors of N deposition rates than PME or NR activities alone in shrublands, whereas no correlation between N deposition and the lichen physiology was observed. We conclude that integrative physiological measurements, such as PME/NR ratios, measured on sensitive species such as P. squarrosa, can provide useful data for national-scale biomonitoring programs, whereas soil acidification and soil C and N storage could be useful as additional corroborating ecosystem indicators of chronic N pollution. 相似文献
446.
María B. Sathicq Nora Gómez Darío Andrinolo Daniela Sedán Jorge L. Donadelli 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7115-7125
The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal distribution of phytoplanktonic cyanobacteria in a site located in the freshwater tidal zone near the extraction point for the drinking water supply. Samples were taken considering three timescales as follows: hours, days, and weeks, during the period of highest development of cyanobacteria. The phytoplankton density, microcystin concentration (LR, RR, YR), and chlorophyll-a were related to meteorological variables (wind and temperature), tidal high, and physical-chemical variables (nutrients, pH, conductivity, light penetration). The results obtained in this study showed that the variables that primarily modulate the temporal distribution of cyanobacteria were temperature, pH, light penetration, conductivity, and nutrients (particularly NO3 ? and NH4 +), while the winds and tide had a secondary effect, only evidenced at an hourly scale. Therefore, this timescale would be the most suitable for monitoring cyanobacterial populations, when the amount of cyanobacterial cells exceeds the alert I level proposed by the World Health Organization. This recommendation is particularly important for the water intake zones in Río de la Plata, which are vulnerable to the damage generated by cyanobacteria on the water quality. 相似文献
447.
Rubio MA Lissi E Jorquera H Salinas E Castro J Cádiz M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,140(1-3):161-173
Carbon monoxide concentrations were measured at ground level (1 m) near heavy traffic streets in downtown Santiago de Chile
in periods of low (November and December), intermediate (April) and high (May) ambient concentrations. Also, measurements
were carried out at several heights (from 1 to 127 m) in Santiago’s main street during winter time. Measurements carried out
at ground level show maximum values during the morning rush hour, with values considerably higher than those reported by the
urban air quality network, particularly in summer time. However, the measured values are below air quality standards. Vertical
CO profiles were measured in a tower located in the center of downtown. Below 40 m (average altitude of neighboring buildings),
the profiles do not show a consistent vertical gradient, with CO concentrations increasing or decreasing with height, regardless
of atmospheric stability. In this low altitude range, the observed vertical profiles are poorly predicted by a street canyon
model, and the measured concentrations can not be described by a simple exponential decay. At higher altitudes (40 and 127 m)
a negative gradient in CO concentrations is observed, both for stable and unstable atmospheric conditions. The values of CO
measured at 127 m are relatively well described by an Eulerian dispersion model running with current CO emission inventories
for Santiago, although this model tends to predict stepper CO gradients than the observed ones. 相似文献
448.
Diego Ruiz-Labourdette María F. Schmitz Carlos Montes Francisco D. Pineda 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(6):531-547
The Madrid Regional Government (Central Spain) proposes a zone of the Guadarrama Mountains to be declared as a National Park.
This paper reports on the zoning method developed to this end. The procedure followed considers compatibility of land uses
with landscape characteristics and proposes protecting a part of the zone through declaration of National Park status and
declaring another part as a Regional Park. The approach is based upon a multivariate environmental analysis aimed at zoning
for optimal location of potential activities. The zoning permits the design of protected areas following the criteria underlying
the declaration of these two categories in accordance with the Spanish environmental legislation in force. A practical tool
for policy decision-making is provided. However, the final decision taken by policymakers in the design and zoning of protected
areas differed from the model output used by the scientists. This is discussed in the paper to illustrate the interactions
between political decision-making and scientific modelling. 相似文献
449.
Herrero-Hernández E Andrades MS Rodríguez-Cruz MS Arienzo M Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3359-3371
The long-term variability of total Cu content from fungicides applied in a certified wine region of Spain (La Rioja) and of
other metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was evaluated in three young vineyard soils and subsoils unamended and amended with
spent mushroom substrates (SMS) over a 3-year period (2006–2008). SMS is a promising agricultural residue as an amendment
to increase the soil organic matter content but may modify the behaviour of metals from pesticide utilisation in vineyards.
Fresh and composted SMS was applied each year at a rate of 25 t ha−1 (dry-weight). Copper concentrations in the three unamended soils were 21.2–88.5, 25.5–77.1, and 29.4–78.4 mg kg−1. They exceeded natural Cu concentrations of the region and reference sub-lethal hazardous concentration for soil organism.
The concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn were largely below the sub-lethal limits. Thus, although Cu levels were lower than
those of established vineyards, vine performance, and productivity might be affected. The variation in behaviour between different
amendments for each soil was high, so a generic conclusion could not be drawn. The amendment practice seemed to have caused
temporarily Cu mobilization respect to untreated soils. Total zinc concentrations fall within the range of the natural soil
of La Rioja and were significantly affected (p < 0.05) especially by fresh state SMS addition, with increasing up to 75% respect to untreated specimen. The results indicated
a build-up of fresh sites for metal retention at both surface and subsurface level, although no accumulation of metals was
observed in the short-term period. However, the benefit for soils and the negative effects need to be monitored in the long
run. 相似文献