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531.
Soriano JA Viñas L Franco MA González JJ Nguyen MH Bayona JM Albaigés J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(9):1018-1023
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels were determined in tissues of wild mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected at 17 stations along the Cantabrian coast (N Spain), from Navia (Asturias) to Fuenterrabía (Basque Country), in order to assess the extent of the environmental impact caused by the Prestige oil spill (November 13, 2002). Six sampling campaigns were carried out in April, June and November in 2003 and 2004. The comparison of PAH data with those obtained earlier in 2000 showed a widespread pyrolytic and petrogenic contamination and allowed an estimation, for the first time, of the background pollution in the region and identification of the chronic hotspots. The spatial distribution found in the first samples after the oil spill revealed the eastern area as the most affected due to the continuous arrival of fuel slicks since early summer 2003. Several stations in this area showed increased total PAH concentrations of up to 15 times the pre-spill levels, which did not recover until April 2004, more than one year after the accident. Molecular parameters within the aliphatic and aromatic fractions were determined to assess the presence of Prestige oil in these samples. 相似文献
532.
Indirect assessment of economic damages from the Prestige oil spill: consequences for liability and risk prevention 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The social losses arising from the Prestige oil spill exceed the compensation granted under the IOPC (International Oil Pollution Compensation) system, with losses estimated at 15 times more than the applicable limit of compensations. This is far above the level of costs for which those responsible for hydrocarbons spills are liable. The highest market losses correspond to sectors of extraction, elaboration and commercialisation of seafood. However, damages to non-commercial natural resources could constitute an outstanding group of losses for which further primary data are needed: these losses would only be compensable under the current system by means of a refund for cleaning and restoration costs. Results show that, in Europe, the responsibility for oil spills in maritime transport is limited and unclear. The consequence of this is net social losses from recurrent oil spills and internationally accepted incentives for risky strategies in the marine transport of hydrocarbons. 相似文献
533.
Marín-Benito JM Rodríguez-Cruz MS Andrades MS Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(3):814-822
The capacity of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as a sorbent of fungicides was evaluated for its possible use in regulating pesticide mobility in the environment. The sorption studies involved four different SMS types in terms of nature and treatment and eight fungicides selected as representative compounds from different chemical groups. Nonlinear sorption isotherms were observed for all SMS-fungicide combinations. The highest sorption was obtained by composted SMS from Agaricus bisporus cultivation. A significant negative and positive correlation was obtained between the K(OC) sorption constants and the polarity index values of sorbents and the K(OW) of fungicides, respectively. The statistic revealed that more than 77% of the variability in the K(OW) could be explained considering these properties jointly. The other properties of both the sorbent (total carbon, dissolved organic carbon, or pH) and the sorbate (water solubility) were nonsignificant. The hysteresis values for cyprodinil (log K(OW)= 4) were for all the sorbents much higher (>3) than for other fungicides. This was consistent with the remaining sorption after desorption considered as an indicator of the sorption efficiency of SMS for fungicides. Changes in the absorption bands of fungicides sorbed by SMS observed by FTIR permitted establishing the interaction mechanism of fungicides with SMS. The findings of this work provide evidence for the potential capacity of SMS as a sorbent of fungicides and the low desorption observed especially for some fungicides, although they suggest that more stabilized or humified organic substrates should be produced to enhance their efficiency in environmental applications. 相似文献
534.
Grčić Ivana Marčec Jan Radetić Lucija Radovan Ana-Maria Melnjak Ivana Jajčinović Igor Brnardić Ivan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(15):18354-18367
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, we present the application of solar photocatalysis for air purification including toxic substances such as ammonia and methane normally... 相似文献
535.
Bonetti Beatriz Waldow Etienne C. Trapp Giovanna Hammercshmitt Marta E. Ferrarini Suzana F. Pires Marçal J. R. Estevam Sabrina T. Aquino Thiago F. D. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(3):2638-2654
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The use of different types of zeolites (X, Na-P1, and 4A) synthesized by different methods and scales were tested in this work to adsorb nutrients... 相似文献
536.
Juana M. Rivera-Lirio María J. Muñoz-Torres 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2010,53(5):573-590
The complexity associated with the public and private management of sustainable development is causing the increasing involvement of various European Union governments in issues related to the social responsibility of organisations. However, the debate about the nature of this involvement is still open. The study here shows the results of a survey conducted in the Spanish region of Valencia among businesses and social agents, paying special attention to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The outcomes of the interviews display the nascent state of CSR implementation both in the companies of the region and the government initiatives related to encouraging the development of the concept. 相似文献
537.
Carlos F. Medina-López Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea Francisco J. Cinco-Moroyoqui María S. Yépiz-Gómez Mario O. Cortez-Rocha 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(11):760-768
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of mixtures of antifungal fractions extracted from Baccharis glutinosa and Jacquinia macrocarpa plants on the development of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. The minimal inhibitory concentration that inhibited 50% of growth (MIC50) of each plant antifungal fraction was determined from the percentage radial growth inhibition of both fungi. Binomial mixtures made with both plant fractions were used at their MIC50 to determine the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration index (FIC index) for each fungus in order to evaluate their synergistic effect. Each synergistic mixture was analyzed in their effect on spore germination, spore size, spore viability, mitotic divisions, hyphal diameter and length, and number of septa per hypha. Some antifungal mixtures, even at low concentrations, showed higher antifungal effect than those of the individual antifungal fraction. The FIC indices of mixtures that showed the highest antifungal activity against A. flavus and F. verticillioides were 0.5272 and 0.4577, respectively, indicating a synergistic effect against both fungi. Only 12% and 8% of the spores of A. flavus and F. verticillioides, respectively, treated with the synergistic mixtures, were able to germinate, although their viability was not affected. An increase in the number of septa per hypha of both fungi was observed. The results indicated that the synergistic mixtures strongly affected the fungal growth even at lower concentrations than those of the individual plant fractions. 相似文献
538.
Elena Jiménez Beatriz Lanza María Antiñolo José Albaladejo 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(26):4043-4049
Absolute rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of OH radical with 3-methylbutanal (k1), trans-2-methyl-2-butenal (k2), and 3-methyl-2-butenal (k3) have been obtained with the pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence technique. Gas-phase concentration of aldehydes was measured by UV absorption spectroscopy at 185 nm. Experiments were performed over the temperature range of 263–353 K at total pressures of helium between 46.2 and 100 Torr. No pressure dependence of all ki (i = 1–3) was observed at all temperatures. In contrast, a negative temperature dependence of ki (i.e., ki increases when temperature decreases) was observed in that T range. The resulting Arrhenius expressions (±2σ) are: k1(T) = (5.8 ± 1.7)×10?12 exp{(499 ± 94)/T} cm3 molecule?1 s?1, k2(T)=(6.9 ± 0.9)×10?12 exp{(526 ± 42)/T} cm3 molecule?1 s?1, k3(T)=(5.6 ± 1.2)×10?12 exp{(666 ± 54)/T} cm3 molecule?1 s?1.The tropospheric lifetimes derived from the above OH-reactivity trend are estimated to be higher for 3-methylbutanal than those for the unsaturated aldehydes. A comparison of the tropospheric removal of these aldehydes by OH radicals with other homogeneous degradation routes leads to the conclusion that this reaction can be the main homogeneous removal pathway. However, photolysis of these aldehydes in the actinic region (λ > 290 nm) could play an important role along the troposphere, particularly for 3-methyl-2-butenal. This process could compete with the OH reaction for 3-methylbutanal or be negligible for trans-2-methyl-2-butenal in the troposphere. 相似文献
539.
Teresa Moreno Javier Lavín Xavier Querol Andrés Alastuey Mar Viana Wes Gibbons 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(27):4178-4186
Average 21st century concentrations of urban air pollutants linked to cardiorespiratory disease are not declining, and commonly exceed legal limits. Even below such limits, health effects are being observed and may be related to transient daytime peaks in pollutant concentrations. With this in mind, we analyse >52,000 hourly urban background readings of PM10 and pollutant gases throughout 2007 at a European town with legal annual average concentrations of common pollutants, but with a documented air pollution-related cardiorespiratory health problem, and demonstrate the hourly variations in PM10, SO2, NOx, CO and O3. Back-trajectory analysis was applied to track the arrival of exotic PM10 intrusions, the main controls on air pollutants were identified, and the typical hourly pattern on ambient concentrations during 2007 was profiled. Emphasis was placed on “worst case” data (>90th percentile), when health effects are likely to be greatest. The data show marked daytime variations in pollutants result from rush-hour traffic-related pollution spikes, midday industrial SO2 maxima, and afternoon O3 peaks. African dust intrusions enhance PM10 levels at whatever hour, whereas European PM incursions produce pronounced evening peaks due to their transport direction (across an industrial traffic corridor). Transient peak profiling moves us closer to the reality of personal outdoor exposure to inhalable pollutants in a given urban area. We argue that such an approach to monitoring data potentially offers more to air pollution health effect studies than using only 24 h or annual averages. 相似文献
540.
María B. Blanco Iustinian Bejan Ian Barnes Peter Wiesen Mariano A. Teruel 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(38):5996-6002
Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with a series of unsaturated esters CH2C(CH3)C(O)OCH3 (MMA), CH2CHC(O)OCH3 (MAC) and CH2C(CH3)C(O)O(CH2)3CH3 (BMA) have been measured as a function of temperature by the relative technique in an environmental chamber with in situ FTIR detection of reactants. The rate coefficients obtained at 298 K in one atmosphere of nitrogen or synthetic air using propene, isobutene and 1,3-butadiene as reference hydrocarbons were (in units of 10?10 cm3 molecule?1 s?1) as follows: k(Cl+MMA) = 2.82 ± 0.93, k(Cl+MAC) = 2.04 ± 0.54 and k(Cl+BMA) = 3.60 ± 0.87. The kinetic data obtained over the temperature range 287–313 K were used to derive the following Arrhenius expressions (in units of cm3 molecule?1 s?1): k(Cl+MMA) = (13.9 ± 7.8) × 10?15 exp[(2904 ± 420)/T], k(Cl+MAC) = (0.4 ± 0.2) × 10?15 exp[(3884 ± 879)/T], k(Cl+BMA) = (0.98 ± 0.42) × 10?15 exp[(3779 ± 850)/T]. All the rate coefficients display a slight negative temperature dependence which points to the importance of the reversibility of the addition mechanism for these reactions. This work constitutes the first kinetic and temperature dependence study of the reactions cited above.An analysis of the available rates of addition of Cl atoms and OH radicals to the double bond of alkenes and unsaturated and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at 298 K has shown that they can be related by the expression: log kOH = 1.09 log kCl ? 0.10. In addition, a correlation between the reactivity of unsaturated VOCs toward OH radicals and Cl atoms and the HOMO of the unsaturated VOC is presented. Tropospheric implications of the results are also discussed. 相似文献