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541.
Alberto Pistocchi Jan Groenwold Joost Lahr Mark Loos Marelys Mujica Ad M. J. Ragas Robert Rallo Serenella Sala Uwe Schlink Kathrin Strebel Marco Vighi Pilar Vizcaino 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(2):119-133
We present examples of cumulative chemical risk mapping methods developed within the NoMiracle project. The different examples illustrate the application of the concentration addition (CA) approach to pesticides at different scale, the integration in space of cumulative risks to individual organisms under the CA assumption, and two techniques to (1) integrate risks using data-driven, parametric statistical methods, and (2) cluster together areas with similar occurrence of different risk factors, respectively. The examples are used to discuss some general issues, particularly on the conventional nature of cumulative risk maps, and may provide some suggestions for the practice of cumulative risk mapping. 相似文献
542.
Several soil microorganisms colonizing roots are known to naturally promote the health of plants by controlling a range of plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. The use of theses antagonistic microorganisms, recently named plant-probiotics, to control plant-pathogenic fungi is receiving increasing attention, as they may represent a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. Many years of research on plant-probiotic microorganisms (PPM) have indicated that fluorescent pseudomonads producing antimicrobial compounds are largely involved in the suppression of the most widespread soilborne pathogens. Phenotype and genotype analysis of plant-probiotic fluorescent pseudomonads (PFP) have shown considerable genetic variation among these types of strains. Such variability plays an important role in the rhizosphere competence and the biocontrol ability of PFP strains. Understanding the mechanisms by which genotypic and phenotypic diversity occurs in natural populations of PFP could be exploited to choose those agricultural practices which best exploit the indigenous PFP populations, or to isolate new plant-probiotic strains for using them as inoculants. A number of different methods have been used to study diversity within PFP populations. Because different resolutions of the existing microbial diversity can be revealed depending on the approach used, this review first describes the most important methods used for the assessment of fluorescent Pseudomonas diversity. Then, we focus on recent data relating how differences in genotypic and phenotypic diversity within PFP communities can be attributed to geographic location, climate, soil type, soil management regime, and interactions with other soil microorganisms and host plants. It becomes evident that plant-related parameters exert the strongest influence on the genotypic and phenotypic variations in PFP populations. 相似文献
543.
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Linear stability analysis is used to investigate the behavior of small perturbations of a uniform flow in a straight channel with an erodible bed composed by a... 相似文献
544.
Fermo Paola Colella Mario Malagodi Marco Fiocco Giacomo Albano Michela Marchioron Silvia Guglielmi Vittoria Comite Valeria 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29498-29509
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The surface coating present on a marble Piety dating to the Renaissance period and stored at the Castello Sforzesco-Museum of Ancient Art (Milan,... 相似文献
545.
Rubin Pedrazzo Alberto Trotta Francesco Hoti Gjylije Cesano Federico Zanetti Marco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):251-263
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyclodextrin nanosponges (CD-NS) are cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers characterized by a nanostructured three-dimensional network. CD-NSs in the... 相似文献
546.
Baia Luana V. Luna Aderval S. Leito Juliana P. S Carvalho de Souza Wallace Figueiredo Marco A. G. Carvalho Ana P. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(2):606-617
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this work, the synthesis of biochar from several biomass wastes to act as matrix for urea was investigated. The objective was to select the most... 相似文献
547.
De Pippo T Donadio C Guida M Petrosino C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(3):184-191
Background, Aim and Scope Analysis of the morphological, geological and environmental characteristics of the Sarno River basin has shown the present
degraded condition of the area. Over the past thirty years, the supply of untreated effluent of domestic, agricultural and
industrial origin has ensured the presence of high concentrations of pollutants, including heavy metals. The geological context
of the catchment area has played a major part in determining the current ecological conditions and public health problems:
while human activity has modified the landscape, the natural order has indirectly contributed to increasing the environmental
impact.
Results and Discussion The health situation is precarious as the basin's inhabitants feed on agricultural and animal products, and use polluted
water directly or indirectly. The hazard of contracting degenerative illnesses of the digestive or respiratory apparatus,
bacterial infections or some neoplasia has gradually increased, especially in the last five years. Moreover, polluted basin
waters flowing into the Bay of Naples increase sea water contamination, thereby damaging tourism, public health and degrading
the local littoral quality.
Conclusion The overview presented shows how the environmental state of the Sarno River basin gives considerable cause for concern. The
basin's complex geomorphologic setting has a direct bearing on local environmental and health conditions. The analysis of
the available data demonstrates how the physical aspects of the area are closely linked to the diffusion and concentration
of the pollutants, and how the latter ones have a large influence on the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the local population.
Recommendation and Perspective Specific interventions need to be undertaken to monitor and improve the chemical, physical and microbiological conditions
of water and sediments, especially in light of the geomorphological vulnerability of the river basin. 相似文献
548.
Aguilar CP Peruzzolo M Di Luccio M Dallago RM Filho Ido N 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):103-110
The main purpose of this work was the preliminary qualitative study of organic compounds in wastewaters of swine slaughterhouses.
The samples were collected in a local abattoir and submitted to Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) and Solid-phase Extraction
(SPE) with XAD-4TM resin as stationary phase. The instrumental analysis was performed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometer Detector
(GC/MSD). The compounds present in the LLE and SPE extracts were identified by the GC/MSD library (Wiley). The results pointed
out that SPE and LLE can extract practically the same classes of compounds at the same amounts. LLE works well for the extraction
of polar organic compounds, with acidified samples, while SPE presents a better performance for the extraction of less polar
organic compounds. Aldehydes were main class of the compounds extracted by SPE and LLE and decenal was the major aldehyde
identified. Fatty alcohols and carboxylic acids were also identified but in minor proportions. 相似文献
549.
Chiara Dragonetti Valeria Y. Mendez Angarita Moreno Di Marco 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14035
Mountains are among the natural systems most affected by climate change, and mountain mammals are considered particularly imperiled, given their high degree of specialization to narrow tolerance bands of environmental conditions. Climate change mitigation policies, such as the Paris Agreement, are essential to stem climate change impacts on natural systems. But how significant is the Paris Agreement to the survival of mountain mammals? We investigated how alternative emission scenarios may determine change in the realized climatic niche of mountain carnivores and ungulates in 2050. We based our predictions of future change in species niches based on how species have responded to past environmental changes, focusing on the probabilities of niche shrink and niche stability. We found that achieving the Paris Agreement's commitments would substantially reduce climate instability for mountain species. Specifically, limiting global warming to below 1.5°C would reduce the probability of niche shrinkage by 4% compared with a high-emission scenario. Globally, carnivores showed greater niche shrinkage than ungulates, whereas ungulates were more likely to shift their niches (i.e., face a level of climate change that allows adaptation). Twenty-three species threatened by climate change according to the IUCN Red List had greater niche contraction than other species we analyzed (3% higher on average). We therefore argue that climate mitigation policies must be coupled with rapid species-specific conservation intervention and sustainable land-use policies to avoid high risk of loss of already vulnerable species. 相似文献
550.
Michael J. Roast Samir Martins Lourdes Fernández-Peralta José Carlos Báez Ahmed Diame David March Jazel Ouled-Cheikh Adolfo Marco Jacob González-Solís Luis Cardona 《Conservation biology》2023,37(5):e14110
Fisheries bycatch is a critical threat to sea turtle populations worldwide, particularly because turtles are vulnerable to multiple gear types. The Canary Current is an intensely fished region, yet there has been no demographic assessment integrating bycatch and population management information of the globally significant Cabo Verde loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) population. Using Boa Vista island (Eastern Cabo Verde) subpopulation data from capture–recapture and nest monitoring (2013–2019), we evaluated population viability and estimated regional bycatch rates (2016–2020) in longline, trawl, purse-seine, and artisanal fisheries. We further evaluated current nesting trends in the context of bycatch estimates, existing hatchery conservation measures, and environmental (net primary productivity) variability in turtle foraging grounds. We projected that current bycatch mortality rates would lead to the near extinction of the Boa Vista subpopulation. Bycatch reduction in longline fisheries and all fisheries combined would increase finite population growth rate by 1.76% and 1.95%, respectively. Hatchery conservation increased hatchling production and reduced extinction risk, but alone it could not achieve population growth. Short-term increases in nest counts (2013–2021), putatively driven by temporary increases in net primary productivity, may be masking ongoing long-term population declines. When fecundity was linked to net primary productivity, our hindcast models simultaneously predicted these opposing long-term and short-term trends. Consequently, our results showed conservation management must diversify from land-based management. The masking effect we found has broad-reaching implications for monitoring sea turtle populations worldwide, demonstrating the importance of directly estimating adult survival and that nest counts might inadequately reflect underlying population trends. 相似文献