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511.
Claudio Favi Michele Germani Marco Mandolini Marco Marconi 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2018,11(2):79-96
The paper aims to explore the implementation of an eco-design methodology and the related software platform (G.EN.ESI – Green ENgineering dESIgn) within technical departments of a manufacturing firm. The G.EN.ESI eco-design methodology is based on the life cycle thinking concept and the software platform is conceived as a set of inter-operable software tools able to efficiently exchange data among them and with the traditional design systems (i.e. CAD, PDM and PLM). A multinational company, designing and producing household appliances, adopted the proposed methodology and related software platform for redesigning two cooker hood models with the aim to improve their environmental performances. Design and engineering departments evaluated the methodology and platform impact on the product development process, as well as the platform inter-operability with traditional design tools. The results indicate that methodology and software platform satisfy the requirements of the enterprise in terms of: (i) degree of expertise and training requirement on this subject, (ii) low impact in a consolidated design process and, (ii) good level of inter-operability among heterogeneous tools. However, the testing results highlight the necessity of a further platform optimisations in terms of software integration (single workbench made by integrated software tools with the same graphical user interface). 相似文献
512.
Binelli A Sarkar SK Chatterjee M Riva C Parolini M Bhattacharya Bd Bhattacharya AK Satpathy KK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,153(1-4):221-234
The paper presents the first comprehensive survey of congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in core sediment samples (<63 microm particle size) covering seven sites in Sunderban mangrove Wetland, north-eastern part of the Bay of Bengal. Results pointed out a non-homogenous contamination of the wetland with Sigma23PCB values ranging from 0.5 to 26.9 ng g(-1) dry weight, reflecting very low to moderate contamination closely in conformity to other Asian coastal environment. The general decreasing order of the dominant congeners to the total load was: CB138 > 153 > 149 > 101, indicating the predominance of hexa-chlorinated congeners. The spatial distribution revealed significant differences in concentration related to local urbanization with industrial and land-based sources. No uniform temporal trend on PCB levels was recorded probably due to particular hydrological characteristics of the wetland and/or non-homogenous inputs from point sources. Strong positive correlations between the seven dominant congeners suggest their common sources and similar environmental behaviors. These results were also used for a risk assessment evaluation in the Sunderban wetland, showing that the present PCB levels were exceeding in few cases the lower limit of sediment quality guidelines of Environmental Protection Agency and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. 相似文献
513.
Pedretti D Masetti M Marangoni T Beretta GP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):607-624
A specific 2-year program to monitor and test both the vadose zone and the saturated zone, coupled with a numerical analysis,
was performed to evaluate the overall performance of slurry wall systems for containment of contaminated areas. Despite local
physical confinement (slurry walls keyed into an average 2-m-thick aquitard), for at least two decades, high concentrations
of chlorinated solvents (up to 110 mg l − 1) have been observed in aquifers that supply drinking water close to the city of Milan (Italy). Results of monitoring and
in situ tests have been used to perform an unsaturated-saturated numerical model. These results yielded the necessary quantitative
information to be used both for the determination of the hydraulic properties of the different media in the area and for the
calibration and validation of the numerical model. Backfill material in the shallower part of the investigated aquifer dramatically
affects the natural recharge of the encapsulated area. A transient simulation from wet to drought periods highlights a change
in the ratio between leakages from lateral barriers that support a specific scenario of water loss through the containment
system. The combination of monitoring and modelling allows a reliable estimate of the overall performance of the physical
confinement to be made without using any invasive techniques on slurry wall. 相似文献
514.
Davide Travaglini Lorenzo Fattorini Anna Barbati Francesca Bottalico Piermaria Corona Marco Ferretti Gherardo Chirici 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(4):3255-3268
A correct characterization of the status and trend of forest condition is essential to support reporting processes at national and international level. An international forest condition monitoring has been implemented in Europe since 1987 under the auspices of the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests). The monitoring is based on harmonized methodologies, with individual countries being responsible for its implementation. Due to inconsistencies and problems in sampling design, however, the ICP Forests network is not able to produce reliable quantitative estimates of forest condition at European and sometimes at country level. This paper proposes (1) a set of requirements for status and change assessment and (2) a harmonized sampling strategy able to provide unbiased and consistent estimators of forest condition parameters and of their changes at both country and European level. Under the assumption that a common definition of forest holds among European countries, monitoring objectives, parameters of concern and accuracy indexes are stated. On the basis of fixed-area plot sampling performed independently in each country, an unbiased and consistent estimator of forest defoliation indexes is obtained at both country and European level, together with conservative estimators of their sampling variance and power in the detection of changes. The strategy adopts a probabilistic sampling scheme based on fixed-area plots selected by means of systematic or stratified schemes. Operative guidelines for its application are provided. 相似文献
515.
Franke Alastair Falk Knud Hawkshaw Kevin Ambrose Skip Anderson David L. Bente Peter J. Booms Travis Burnham Kurt K. Ekenstedt Johan Fufachev Ivan Ganusevich Sergey Johansen Kenneth Johnson Jeff A. Kharitonov Sergey Koskimies Pertti Kulikova Olga Lindberg Peter Lindström Berth-Ove Mattox William G. McIntyre Carol L. Mechnikova Svetlana Mossop Dave Møller Søren Nielsen Ólafur K. Ollila Tuomo Østlyngen Arve Pokrovsky Ivan Poole Kim Restani Marco Robinson Bryce W. Rosenfield Robert Sokolov Aleksandr Sokolov Vasiliy Swem Ted Vorkamp Katrin 《Ambio》2020,49(3):762-783
Ambio - The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) are top avian predators of Arctic ecosystems. Although existing monitoring efforts are well established for both... 相似文献
516.
517.
Marco?IottiEmail author ?yvind?Weiby?Gregersen St?rker?Moe Marianne?Lenes 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):137-145
The rheological behaviour of microfibrillar cellulose (MFC) water dispersions has been investigated. For the first time a
detailed study of shear dependent viscosity at low and high shear rate is presented. A peculiar time dependent behaviour measured
in the area between 0 and 1000 s−1 was identified. The study shows a hysteresis loop in the shear rate–viscosity relationship at low shear rate. Additional
time dependent shear rate measurements were performed, and a hypothesis for a mechanism of interaction and formation of a
fibrils network was suggested. Higher temperature caused lower viscosity values, and this difference was increased at higher
shear rate values. Oscillatory measurements showed how the closeness of the fibrils helps network creations. Data obtained
from high shear measurements showed that 1% MFC water dispersions had a dilatant behaviour at ultra high shear rates with
values increasing from 120 to 300 Pa s in the area between 180,000 and 330,000 s−1 . 相似文献
518.
Staccione Andrea Mysiak Jaroslav Ostoich Marco Marcomini Antonio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25749-25761
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Making good environmental damage caused by industrial accidents and restoring impaired ecosystems may be associated with high costs. The European... 相似文献
519.
Delivery and frequency distributions of combined wastewater collection system wet and dry weather loads 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Combined wastewater collection systems continue to serve as a common urban conveyance method in urban areas of Europe and older urban areas of the United States. This study uses combined wastewater collection system monitoring data from the urbanizing Liguori catchment and channel in Cosenza (Italy) to illustrate event-based delivery and distribution of conveyed pollutant indices. Motivated by recent European Union (EU) discharge control legislation, this study specifically differentiates the event-based delivery of these indices between dry and wet-weather flows. Although the relatively steady to diurnal-variable delivery phenomena in dry weather flows are known, transport limiting phenomena for wet-weather hydrology and mass delivery typically are not known for the same catchment. Limiting categories of transport for a pollutant phase are generated by variables such as flow volume and duration, stream power, hydrograph parameters, and previous dry hours (PDH). Transport limitations of wet and dry weather events from the 414-ha catchment were analyzed and characterized as limited by mass indices (first-order, first flush transport) or limited by flow (zero-order transport). Results indicated significant concentration differences between mass- and flow-limited events. Higher concentrations were associated with mass-limited events. Frequency distributions of flow, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) were consistently exponential for wet-weather and mass-limited events. In contrast, flow, TSS, and BOD5 concentrations were distributed normally for flow-limited events. Results indicated a reasonable linear relationship between discharged TSS, COD, and BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) for Liguori Channel discharges into the Crati River. Wet-weather event transport was predominately mass-limited for TSS, COD, and BOD5. 相似文献
520.
Ciniglia C Sansone C Panzella L Napolitano A d'Ischia M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3299-3306
INTRODUCTION: The reuse of wastewaters for agricultural purposes is a common practice in many countries and is increasingly recommended by organizations that promote sustainable development. Yet, it is restricted by the potential negative impact of these materials on soil and crops. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the environmental impact of walnut husk washing waters (WHWW) and their organic fractions, in order to conceive their agricultural exploitation. DISCUSSION: Phytotoxicity tests and morphological investigations on representative plant species of horticultural interest indicated that WHWW and their organic fractions can elicit a concentration-dependent stimulating effect on the growth of radish, lettuce cv. cavolo Napoli with effects up to 165 %. An opposite inhibitory effect up to 70 % was observed on spinach and lettuce cv. Gentilina. Proapoptotic effects were observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide assay in the species inhibited by WHWW treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the WHWW revealed the presence of a main component which was extracted selectively in organic solvents and purified by preparative chromatography. Complete spectral analysis allowed identification as 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone, commonly known as regiolone. Regiolone exhibited the same concentration-dependent activity on root elongation with a stimulation in the case of radish up to 135 % with respect to control. These results open perspectives in the exploitation of WHWW and the main phenolic constituent readily available by a straightforward isolation procedure as a natural fertilizer for specific crops. 相似文献