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181.
182.
Christian Steinberg Markus Haitzer Sebastian Höss Renate Lorenz Rainer Brüggemann B. Kent Burnison 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1997,9(2):64-68
Humic substances, in aqueous bodies primarily fulvic acids, may demonstrate an inhibitory as well as an activating influence on organisms. We present evidence with bacteria-containing algal cultures and with cultures of the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. Structural elements of the fulvic acids which may be responsible for such effects are not yet known. Furthermore, the presence of fulvic acids may lead to increases in bioconcentration of xenobiotics. Increase in the toxicity of xenobiotics in the presence of humic substances have also been described. We present studies applying lethal as well as sublethal toxicity endpoints. 相似文献
183.
184.
The testing for an association between two categorical variables using count data is commonplace in the behavioral sciences.
Here, we present evidence that influential biostatistical textbooks give contradictory and incomplete advice on good practice
in the analysis of such contingency table data. We survey the statistical literature and offer guidance on such analyses.
Specifically, we call for greater use of exact testing rather than tests which use an asymptotic chi-squared distribution.
That is, we suggest that researchers take a conservative approach and only perform asymptotic testing where there is little
doubt that it is appropriate. We recommend a specific criterion for such decision-making. Where asymptotic testing is appropriate,
we recommend chi-squared over the G-test and recommend against the implementation of Yates (or any other) correction. We also
provide advice on the effective use of exact testing for associations in contingency tables. Lastly, we highlight issues that
need to be considered when using the commonly recommended Fisher’s exact test. 相似文献
185.
Both the activity of phenoloxidases and the availability of phenoloxidase substrates are said to regulate melanotic encapsulation
in invertebrates. The delayed induced resistance of mountain birches has been shown to increase the immunity of Epirrita autumnata (Geometridae: Lepidoptera), but the mechanism behind the increased immunity is unknown. The increase in the contents of aromatic
amino acids as a response to herbivory in plants can in theory be one explanation for this carry-over effect. To test this
hypothesis that an increase in the substrate availability increases also the melanotic encapsulation rate and the immunity
of E. autumnata, we supplied excess levels of two aromatic amino acids, tyrosine (l-Tyr) and phenylalanine (l-Phe), to the diet of moth larvae. Surprisingly, the supply of both aromatic amino acids down-regulated PO activity, whereas
the melanotic encapsulation rate was maintained at an unchanged level. PO activity was traded-off with body size and thus
the cost of resistance is a probable explanation for the down-regulation of PO activity in the presence of surplus substrates.
Our results suggest that both aromatic amino acids act as substrates of melanin, and an increase in substrate contents allows
insects to decrease their PO activity without affecting the encapsulation rate. 相似文献
186.
Jochen P Zubrod Dragan M Jevti? Aupaki Michael Melato Annika Agatz Dominic Englert Tilman Floehr Varja Kne?evi? Mirco Weil Markus Brinkmann 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2012,24(1):1-2
The Student Advisory Council is the speaking tube of SETAC Europe??s students aiming to support young researchers in becoming fully-fledged members of the Society. In this article we report our latest activities during the 6th SETAC World Congress/SETAC Europe 22nd Annual Meeting in Berlin, Germany, and the upcoming 3rd Young Environmental Scientists (YES) Meeting in Krakow, Poland. 相似文献
187.
M Martínez-Córcoles M Schöbel FJ Gracia I Tomás JM Peiró 《Journal of Safety Research》2012,43(3):215-221
IntroductionSafety participation is of paramount importance in guaranteeing the safe running of nuclear power plants.MethodThe present study examined the effects of empowering leadership on safety participation.ResultsBased on a sample of 495 employees from two Spanish nuclear power plants, structural equation modeling showed that empowering leadership has a significant relationship with safety participation, which is mediated by collaborative team learning. In addition, the results revealed that the relationship between empowering leadership and collaborative learning is partially mediated by the promotion of dialogue and open communication.ConclusionsThe implications of these findings for safety research and their practical applications are outlined.Impact on IndustryAn empowering leadership style enhances workers' safety performance, particularly safety participation behaviors. Safety participation is recommended to detect possible rule inconsistencies or misunderstood procedures and make workers aware of critical safety information and issues. 相似文献
188.
189.
Feasibility versus sustainability in urban water management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Decision making in urban water management is exemplified by the case of Austria: Although researchers define a comprehensible concept of sustainability, practitioners emphasize feasibility and accept limitations in sustainability. Could the specification of particular methods, chosen from some decision support methodology, remedy this situation? While an integrative assessment of sustainability should not be based on prescribed or standardized criteria, or even a certain assessment method, it should force the decision makers to make their chosen premise more visible. To this end a change of the decision making process is proposed, which will allow the decision makers to adapt the decision making process to the circumstances of a specific project in a way that is accepted by the stakeholders. 相似文献
190.
Vladimir Kucera Johan Tidblad Katerina Kreislova Dagmar Knotkova Markus Faller Daniel Reiss Rolf Snethlage Tim Yates Jan Henriksen Manfred Schreiner Michael Melcher Martin Ferm Roger-Alexandre Lefèvre Joanna Kobus 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):249-258
A “multi-pollutant exposure programme” reflecting the new pollution situation where SO2 is no longer the dominating pollutant has been performed by the International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials,
including Historic and Cultural Monuments (ICP Materials) within the activities of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary
Air Pollution. The main results obtained in the period 1997–2003 are summarised. Dose-response functions are presented for
carbon steel, zinc, copper, bronze and limestone. Parameters involved in the functions include besides SO2 and pH, which were included in the previously developed functions from ICP Materials, also the effect of particulate matter
and HNO3. 相似文献