Dissolved organic matter with multi-peak fluorophores in landfill leachate

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) sampled from municipal landfill leachate of different ages with/without anoxic or aerobic treatment, was intensively fractionated via size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and hydrophobic resins, and was studied with fluorescence excitation and emission matrix (EEM). Six fluorophores with multiple EEM peaks (fluorophore A-F) were identified based on the collected EEM spectra and validated by bi-variate analysis, principal component analysis, and parallel factor analysis, as follows (excitation wavelength Ex and emission wavelength Em): (Ex 240, 310, 360 nm, Em 460 nm), (Ex 220, 280 nm, Em 340 nm), (Ex 220, 270 nm, Em 300 nm), (Ex 220, 280 nm, Em 360 nm), (Ex 230, 320 nm, Em 420 nm) and (Ex 220, 310 nm, Em 400 nm). The spectral characteristics of these fluorophores were discussed using fractional EEM and apparent molecular weight (AMW) data obtained via SEC analysis. The triple peak flurophore A was pointed at a hydrophobic acid or hydrophobic neutral compound with a pyrenyl functional group of AMW 2500-3500 Da, which displayed an excitation wavelength at 360 nm and a fluorescence intensity ratio of 6.70(+/-1.79):1.70(+/-0.41):1 (fluorescent intensities of Ex 240:Ex 310:Ex 360 nm at Ex 460 nm). This compound is observed to be refractory in landfilling or in anoxic/aerobic treatments, and is specific to this leachate contamination. This paper revealed that the coupling of SEC and EEM can be useful to track the fluorescent DOM fraction in landfill leachate.     

再生水用于都市绿地灌溉的研究进展

污水再利用具有节水和治污双重功能,用于绿地灌溉意义重大。综述了再生水灌溉对绿地土壤、植物、地下水的影响。着重介绍了国外的研究情况,分析了其试验结果及影响因素,表明虽然再生水中的一些有害成分会发生积累,但由于处理工艺、降雨等因素影响,对绿地生态系统影响不大,使用再生水灌溉绿地是切实可行的。     

An environmental justice perspective on ecosystem services

Mainstreaming of ecosystem service approaches has been proposed as one path toward sustainable development. Meanwhile, critics of ecosystem services question if the approach can account for the multiple values of ecosystems to diverse groups of people, or for aspects of inter- and intra-generational justice. In particular, an ecosystem service approach often overlooks power dimensions and capabilities that are core to environmental justice. This article addresses the need for greater guidance on incorporating justice into ecosystem services research and practice. We point to the importance of deep engagement with stakeholders and rights holders to disentangle contextual factors that moderate justice outcomes on ecosystem service attribution and appropriation in socio-political interventions. Such a holistic perspective enables the integration of values and knowledge plurality for enhancing justice in ecosystem services research. This broadened perspective paves a way for transformative ecosystem service assessments, management, and research, which can help inform and design governance structures that nourish human agency to sustainably identify, manage, and enjoy ecosystem services for human wellbeing.     

背角无齿蚌对养鱼水体的净化效果

通过建立微型生态系统,研究了不同养殖密度和处理时间条件下,背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)对大宗淡水鱼养殖水体理化指标和营养盐的影响及净化特征。研究结果表明,背角无齿蚌对水体pH、CODMn和NH4+-N的影响不明显;电导率、总固溶物、NO2--N、DTP、PO43--P和DOC呈升高的趋势;DO随蚌养殖密度和时间的增加而降低;能够显著降低水体的浊度、Chl-a、TN、NO3--N和TP含量(P3和15.35 d、25 ind./m3和10 d时,对NO3--N、TP的去除率可进一步提升至42.6%和35.0%。本研究表明,背角无齿蚌可以用于养鱼水体的水质净化。     

偶氮染料脱色菌Lysinibacillus sp. FS1的脱色性能

从佛山某工业园印染废水处理厂曝气池中,经梯度驯化筛选出一株对多种染料具有较强脱色能力的菌株FS1,通过16S rDNA基因序列分析初步鉴定为Lysinibacillus sp.,研究了该菌株在不同营养条件(氮源、碳源、碳源浓度),不同培养条件(pH、温度、供氧条件),不同染料(甲基橙、亚甲基蓝、中性红、酸性红B)和染料浓度下的脱色性能。结果表明,该菌株的最佳脱色条件:温度30~40℃,pH 7~9,氯化铵1 g/L, 葡萄糖2 g/L的厌氧条件下培养脱色效果最好,10 h时对酸性红B脱色率可达98.73%左右,且脱色过程符合一级反应动力学方程:-ln(At/A0)=0.0588t-0.0448。该菌株可降解多种染料,脱色率均随污染强度的升高先增大后减小,对高浓度染料和混合染料也表现出很好的脱色效果,是一株高效广谱的染料降解菌,具有处理印染废水的开发应用价值。     

常州市平原环状河网水环境改善方案情景模拟

基于常州市平原河网水力特性,建立相应水环境模型,运用一维圣维南方程组模拟研究区河网水文变化,CSTR水质模型模拟水质指标COD、TN变化,利用2012年7月与2013年4月水文水质同步监测数据对模拟结果的验证表明,模型可以较为准确地反映研究区河网水文水质变化情况。并针对影响河网水质的3个要素(上游引水、污染源和自净能力)设置8个不同改善方案情景,分析河网水质与3个要素的响应关系。结果表明,保证上游引水水质良好的情况下,上游开闸引水更有利于研究区主干河道新澡港河、老澡港河东支河与北塘河水环境的改善,而对于内部河道柴支浜南支河,则需提高上游污水厂出水水质的同时,改善该河段水生态环境,提高其自净能力。研究结果为研究区水系改善措施和规划提供了有力的科学依据和指导。     

木质素基水凝胶对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附性能

以木质素磺酸钠(LS-Na)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酸(AA)为原料,采用微波辐射法,通过接枝共聚反应合成了生物质LS-g-PAMPS/AA水凝胶吸附剂,利用FTIR分析了水凝胶的结构。研究了吸附剂用量、染料初始浓度、吸附时间对亚甲基蓝(MB)染料的吸附性能的影响,结果显示,在MB初始浓度为1 000 mg/L,吸附剂为0.1 g时,吸附量和吸附率分别达1 914 mg/g和95%。平衡吸附数据满足Langmuir吸附等温模型,吸附动力学曲线较好地符合准二级动力学反应模型。木质素水凝胶对MB染料废水具有显著的吸附效果,可以作为阳离了染料废水处理用的生物质吸附剂。     

城市污泥过热蒸汽与热风干燥特性

为研究城市污泥过热蒸汽和热风干燥特性,研制了一套常压内循环式干燥实验装置。以4 mm和10 mm污泥薄层为研究对象,在160~280℃温度下进行过热蒸汽和热风干燥特性实验。实验结果表明,随着温度升高过热蒸汽与热风干燥时间越来越接近,当温度达到280℃时,过热蒸汽干燥与热风干燥时间大致相同;过热蒸汽干燥初期存在凝结过程,4 mm和10 mm污泥在160~280℃下凝结量范围为3.39~1.07 g和9.71~3.62 g,凝结现象的出现导致干燥速率出现负值,但随着温度升高凝结过程对整个干燥时间影响愈来愈轻。从干燥结束后污泥的表观形态可以观察到过热蒸汽干燥的污泥表面裂纹密集、质地疏松,没有发生燃烧炭化的现象,能够避免污泥干燥时可能发生燃烧和爆炸的危险。     

Spatiotemporal characterization and regional contributions of O3 and NO2: An investigation of two years of monitoring data in Henan, China

To investigate the characteristics of ground level ozone(O₃) for Henan Province,the ambient air quality monitoring data of 2015 and 2016 were analyzed.The result showed that the 8 h-max-O₃ concentrations displayed a distinct seasonality,where the maximum and minimum values,averaging 140.41,54.19 μg/m³,occurred in summer and winter,respectively.There is a significant correlation between meteorological factors and O₃ concentration.The Voronoi neighborhoo...     

Emissions of intermediate volatility organic compound from waste cooking oil biodiesel and marine gas oil on a ship auxiliary engine

Ship auxiliary engines contribute large amounts of air pollutants when at berth.Biodiesel,including that from waste cooking oil(WCO),can favor a reduction in the emission of primary pollutant when used with internal combustion engines.This study investigated the emissions of gaseous intermediate-volatile organic compounds(IVOCs) between WCO biodiesel and marine gas oil(MGO) to further understand the differences in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production of exhausts.Results revealed that WCO ex...