硝基芳香烃废水处理技术研究进展

本文综述了硝基芳香烃废水处理技术的研究现状及在实际工程中的应用现状 ,这些技术的原理主要基于物理、化学、生物等方面的作用。同时本文还展望了此类废水处理技术的应用前景 ,采用生物处理及其他多种处理方法协同作用已成为发展趋势。     

Linear solvation energy relationships regarding sorption and retention properties of hydrophobic organic compounds in soil leaching column chromatography

The capacity factors of a series of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) were measured in soil leaching column chromatography (SLCC) on a soil column, and in reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a C18 column with different volumetric fractions (phi) of methanol in methanol-water mixtures. A general equation of linear solvation energy relationships, log(XYZ) XYZ0 + mV(I)/100 + spi + bbetam + aalpham, was applied to analyze capacity factors (k'), soil organic partition coefficients (Koc) and octanol-water partition coefficients (P). The analyses exhibited high accuracy. The chief solute factors that control logKoc, log P, and logk' (on soil and on C18) are the solute size (V(I)/100) and hydrogen-bond basicity (betam). Less important solute factors are the dipolarity/polarizability (pi*) and hydrogen-bond acidity (alpham). Log k' on soil and log Koc have similar signs in four fitting coefficients (m, s, b and a) and similar ratios (m:s:b:a), while log k' on C18 and logP have similar signs in coefficients (m, s, b and a) and similar ratios (m:s:b:a). Consequently, logk' values on C18 have good correlations with logP (r > 0.97), while logk' values on soil have good correlations with logKoc (r > 0.98). Two Koc estimation methods were developed, one through solute solvatochromic parameters, and the other through correlations with k' on soil. For HOCs, a linear relationship between logarithmic capacity factor and methanol composition in methanol-water mixtures could also be derived in SLCC.     

Photodegradation of an azo dye of the textile industry

An advanced oxidation treatment, UV/H2O2, was applied to an azo dye, Hispamin Black CA, widely used in the Peruvian textile industry. Rates of color removal and degradation of the dye have been evaluated. A strongly absorbing solution was completely decolorized after 35 min of treatment, and after 60 min an 82% reduction of the total organic carbon (TOC) was obtained. It has been found that the degradation rate increased until an optimum value, beyond which the reagent exerted an inhibitory effect. The degradation rate was also function of pH.     

Reduction of greenhouse gases from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment by bromochloromethane in Taiwan

This work establishes methods of reducing the amount of methane produced from the anaerobic treatment of piggery wastewater by either reducing the storage time before solid/liquid separation or inhibiting the activity of methanogens in anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Experimental results showed these two methods can be adopted effectively to reduce methane production resulting from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment. First, the wastewater must be processed using solid/liquid separation immediately after washing pig houses. This process can reduce by 62% the biogas production and indirectly decrease the methane production from the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor. Second, adding 10 mg L(-1) bromochloromethane (BCM) daily into the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor can significantly reduce the amount of biogas and methane produced during the anaerobic fermentation process. Furthermore, biogas production can be completely inhibited after 4 days. Adding BCM (< or =10 mg L(-1)) to wastewater only slightly affected the efficiency of the anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Results in this study can provide the basis for further research on reduction of the amount of methane produced from anaerobic wastewater treatments.     

交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备及其对Cr3+的吸附特性

深入研究了交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备工艺及其对Cr3+的吸附特性.交联菌丝体吸附剂制备工艺简单,但在制备过程中,活化剂NaOH和交联剂的用量对吸附特性影响较大.与纯菌丝体吸附剂相比,交联菌丝体吸附剂表观吸附容量提高48%,达到49.83 mg/g(pH=2.53,水溶液中的Cr3+浓度为600mg/L),同时其机械强度明显增强.交联菌丝体吸附剂对Cr3+的吸附特点是将沉淀法与吸附法相结合,将沉淀与吸附两过程合二为一,从而简化了处理工艺,降低了处理成本.     

电厂循环冷却排污水的回用研究

针对电厂循环冷却排污水的处理技术进行了中试研究。采用超滤、反渗透的工艺处理电厂循环冷却排污水，处理后的水能够满足低压锅炉补充水的要求。该工艺为循环冷却排污水的再利用开辟了一条新途径，既节约了水资源，又减少了环境污染。     

电厂循环冷却排污水的回用研究

针对电厂循环冷却排污水的处理技术进行了中试研究.采用超滤、反渗透的工艺处理电厂循环冷却排污水,处理后的水能够满足低压锅炉补充水的要求.该工艺为循环冷却排污水的再利用开辟了一条新途径,既节约了水资源,又减少了环境污染.     

广州市城市林业管理信息系统的研制开发

将ＧＩＳ技术引进技术林业研究，建立广州市城市林业管理信息系统，该系统具有采集，管理，分析和更新多种区域空间信息的能力，其分六个子系统，公园管理子系统，绿地管理子系统、市郊森林管理子系统、管理机构管理子系统，法规文件管理子系统。可以文字，数据，报表，图形，录像和声音等方式输入、存储、显示、输出绿化系统各类信息，并能随时查阅，检索、修改、录入、删除各类信息。     

Testing the ability of males and females to respond to altered songs in the dueting green lacewing, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Green lacewings in the carnea group of Chrysoperla engage in species-specific heterosexual duets using low-frequency substrate-borne signals. Within each species, both sexes sing nearly identical songs. Songs are the principal barriers to hybridization between sympatric species in the complex. Here, we investigated the responsiveness of males and females of Chrysoperla plorabunda to synthesized, prerecorded songs that differed from the species mean in the period between repeated volleys of abdominal vibration. We tested 15–16 males and 15–16 females using playbacks of two signals that gradually increased or decreased in volley period, starting at the species mean. We found that (1) duets during courtship are accurate, interactive, and adjustable by each participant; (2) in staged duets, both sexes respond best to song tempos near the mean volley period of their population, but can nonetheless maintain duets with signals of nearly twice, or half, the normal volley period; (3) individuals fine-tune their adjustments to signals of different volley periods by changing their own volley duration and latent period, or less often by inserting extra volleys or skipping every other volley; (4) males are significantly better at matching signals of changing tempo than females; and (5) the range of song responsiveness of C. plorabunda does not overlap the natural range of volley periods found in Chrysoperla adamsi, an acoustically similar sibling species, thus reaffirming strong behavioral isolation. In sum, the precise, almost unbreakable heterosexual duets characteristic of song species of the carnea group result from tight mutual feedback between partners. Effective reproductive isolation between species can be based on song differences alone.     

李秉衡与清末兵灾赈济

作为清末督抚级重要人物,李秉衡在中法战争和甲午中日战争期间及之后都进行了赈济活动.在中法战争期间,他首先设立兵站,截留散兵溃卒,整顿军队,加强军需饷械的运输和管理工作;接着又创设医局,救治伤病员.战后继续救济流民和游勇,以工代赈修复镇南关和龙州,奖恤殉职官员.甲午中日战争期间,为保障战时供应,李秉衡多方筹集粮饷,解决兵民的生计问题;战后全力赈济灾民,致力于灾后重建;抚恤官员;重视安置游兵散勇;协赈其他灾区.李秉衡在清末战争状态下的赈济活动,乃晚清兵灾赈济的标本,是后人透视时代原貌的窗口.