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121.
Kei Toda Tomoaki Obata Vladimir A. Obolkin Vladimir L. Potemkin Kazutoshi Hirota Masaki Takeuchi Shou Arita Tamara V. Khodzher Michael A. Grachev 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(20):2427-2433
On-site measurement of methanethiol (CH3SH) was performed for three years on ships and cars near a pulp and paper plant standing on the shore of Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia, to investigate the behavior and impact of atmospheric CH3SH emitted from a point source. Despite its strong odor, there are few reports on atmospheric CH3SH, while many investigations have been carried out on dimethyl sulfide (DMS). In this work, CH3SH and DMS were measured every 15 min by a recently developed automated instrument based on single column trapping/separation and chemiluminescence measurement. Hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and ozone were also measured simultaneously by individual instruments. Of these sulfur compounds, CH3SH was dominant and its concentration sometimes reached several tens of ppbv. The concentration of CH3SH was high at night, because of the lack of photodecomposition and local winds from the mountain to the lake. Such time variation was marked in the summer. The CH3SH level decreased significantly downwind, while decreases in concentrations of other compounds such as DMS and SO2 were relatively small. From these temporal and spatial variations, the behavior of CH3SH is described in this paper. The impact of CH3SH near the Siberian big sources is discussed with the presented data. 相似文献
122.
Z. J. U. Malley M. Taeb T. Matsumoto H. Takeya 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(3):349-372
In Africa, the land and water resources quality are key factors for sustainable development. The degradation of the quality
of these resources leads to scarcities and conflicts, which together threaten the sustainability of rural livelihoods. This
work investigated and analysed the livelihoods conflicts over the land and water resources and their scarcities, policies
that contributed to the land and water scarcities and the livelihood conflicts and linkage of the conflicts to the resources
scarcities and degradation. Implications of degradation of the resources, development policies and livelihoods conflicts on
sustainable development are discussed. Literature study, visits and discussions, participatory assessments, observations and
questionnaire survey were used tools to collect data. Interviews of the 266 households revealed that, those experiencing the
land and water scarcities and conflicts over these resources are significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those not experiencing the scarcities and conflicts. Crop-livestock competition, over the land and water
resources causes prominent conflicts. A significant, (p < 0.05) associations of livelihoods conflicts to water shortage and period of water shortage for crop and livestock production
were found. Improved accessibility to soil and water management technologies, wildlife–livestock co-existence, recognition
of needs and land rights for pastoralists are recommended to minimize scarcities and herders versus farmers’ conflicts. 相似文献
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124.
Takaoka M Takeda N Fujiwara T Kurata M Kimura T 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(8):931-940
The control of Hg emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is very important, because more than 78% of municipal solid waste (MSW) is incinerated. The Hg content of coal used in utility boilers is relatively low in Japan. In this study, recent trends in the Hg content of MSW in Japan and activated carbon (AC) injection as a control technology of Hg emission from an MSWI are discussed. The effect of AC injection on Hg removal from flue gas in an MSWI was investigated by pilot-scale experiments using a bag filter (BF). The injection of AC increases the Hg reduction ratio by 20-30% compared with cases without AC injection. The Hg reduction ratio increases as the flue gas temperature decreases. The Hg reduction ratio is closely related to the inlet Hg concentration and was expressed with a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. 相似文献
125.
Sodic soils reclaimed with by-product from flue gas desulfurization: corn production and soil quality 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Interest is growing in the use of by-product from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) to reclaim sodic soils by controlling the pH and excessive Na+. This study evaluated the effects on corn (Zea mays) production and pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of calcareous sodic soil during four times of cultivation when the by-product was applied once at the first cultivation (Study I) and the impacts on plant and soil quality at first cultivation when the by-product was applied to the soil at 23,000 kg ha-1 (Study II). In Study I, the germination rate and corn production increased by applying the by-product (0, 5,800, 11,600, and 23,100 kg ha-1), and the greatest total amounts of corn production during the four times of cultivation was when the by-product was applied at 23,100 kg ha-1. In Study II, the pH, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), clay dispersion and soluble Na+ in the soil decreased and soluble Mg2+ and soluble K+ in the soil increased. The soil pH was reduced from 9.0 to 7.7 by applying the by-product. However, the by-product decreased the concentrations of total N and P in corn leaves in this study. No significant difference in the concentrations of Mo, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Mn, Cr, Cu, and Al in corn leaves and the soil was observed between the by-product addition and the control except for B in the soil and Fe in corn leaves. The concentration of B in the soil was reduced from 28.7 mg kg-1 to 25.4 mg kg-1 and the concentration of Fe in corn leaves increased from 17.5 mg kg-1 to 22.6 mg kg-1 by applying the by-product in our study. 相似文献
126.
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128.
Barbara F. Crandall Mitchell S. Golbus James D. Goldberg Myles Matsumoto 《黑龙江环境通报》1991,11(6):377-380
Maternal sera (MS) taken from 1396 women prior to chorionic villus sampling at 9–12 menstrual weeks were assayed for unconjugated oestriol (uE3) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Median levels increased by 41 and 26 per cent per week respectively in normal pregnancies. There were 32 pregnancies with a chromosome abnormality. The median MS uE3 and AFP were 0.73 and 0.75 multiples of the median (MoM) respectively in the ten cases of Down's syndrome (DS) but not decreased in the other abnormalities. These results suggest that both uE3 and AFP may be useful in identifying DS in the first trimester. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. 相似文献
129.
We assayed maternal serum samples from 134 black and 268 white women from 16 to 18 weeks of gestation for intact human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated oestriol (uE3). Serum from women with high ( ⩾ 2·5 MOMs) or low (risk for Down syndrome ⩾ 1/365) maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels were excluded. After correcting for maternal weight, we found that median hCG levels were 16 per cent higher in black women but uE3 levels were not significantly different. These results confirm three other studies for hCG and one study for uE3. Corrections are recommended for both maternal serum hCG and AFP before calculating the risk for Down syndrome in black women. 相似文献
130.
Ioanna Katsiadaki Matthew Sanders Marion Sebire Masaki Nagae Kiyoshi Soyano Alexander P Scott 《Environmental sciences》2007,14(5):263-283
The three-spined stickleback, a small teleost species with habitats that range from full marine to fresh water bodies across the whole Northern hemisphere, has a number of advantages for endocrine disruption research. It is the only teleost species with an unambiguous biomarker for androgens, the presence of the glue protein spiggin in the male kidney, which can be measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The androgen assay has been adopted to detect antiandrogens in two different ways and an homologous ELISA for stickleback vitellogenin is also available. DNA markers for molecular sex determination are available; thus, sex ratios can also be used for in situ biomonitoring. In addition, the critical period of sexual differentiation has been determined and the occurrence of intersex fish has been reported several times. The species full genome sequence is almost complete. All aspects of stickleback biology (ecology, evolution, behavior, physiology, endocrinology) are well documented. In European waters, the stickleback is the only fish that can bring laboratory and field studies together and allow the true impact of endocrine disruptors on fish populations to be evaluated. 相似文献