收费全文 | 425篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
安全科学 | 15篇 |
废物处理 | 55篇 |
环保管理 | 43篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
基础理论 | 60篇 |
环境理论 | 4篇 |
污染及防治 | 125篇 |
评价与监测 | 58篇 |
社会与环境 | 44篇 |
灾害及防治 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 37篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
Tannic acid–acetic acid is proposed as novel and green chemicals for cobalt and lithium recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries through a leaching process. The synergism of both acids was documented through batch and continuous studies. Tannic acid promotes cobalt dissolution by reducing insoluble Co3+ into soluble Co2+, while acetic acid is critical to improve the dissolution and stabilize the metals in the pregnant leach solution. Based on batch studies, the optimum conditions for metal recovery at room temperature are acetic acid 1 M, tannic acid 20 g/L, pulp density 20 g/L, and stirring speed 250 rpm (94% cobalt and 99% lithium recovery). The kinetic study shows that increasing temperature to 80 °C improves cobalt and lithium recovery from 65 to 90% (cobalt) and from 80 to 99% (lithium) within 4 h at sub-optimum condition (tannic acid 10 g/L). Kinetic modeling suggests the leaching process was endothermic, and high activation energy indicates a surface chemical process. For other metals, the pattern of manganese and nickel recovery trend follows the cobalt recovery trend. Copper recovery was negatively affected by tannic acid. Iron recovery was limited due to the weak acidic condition of pregnant leach solution, which is beneficial to improve leaching selectivity.
相似文献Hydrogels are a kind of three dimensional polymeric network system which has a significant amount of water imbibing capacity despite being soluble in it. Because of the potential applications of hydrogels in different fields such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, personal care products, biosensors, and cosmetics, it has become a very popular area of research in recent decades. Hydrogels, prepared from synthetic polymers and petrochemicals are not ecofriendly. For preparing biodegradable hydrogels, most available plant polysaccharides like starch are utilized. In its structure, starch has a large number of hydroxyl groups that aid in hydrogel networking. For their easy availability and applications, starch-based hydrogels (SHs) have gained huge attention. Moreover, SHs are non-toxic, biocompatible, and cheap. For these reasons, SHs can be an alternative to synthetic hydrogels. The main focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the structure and characteristics of starch, preparation, and characterization of SHs. This review also addresses several potential multidimensional applications of SHs and shows some future aspects in accordance.
Graphic abstract