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71.
Portable ladder assessment tool development and validation – Quantifying best practices in the field
Many causes for falls from ladders in construction are related to the user’s activities; however, the extent to which users comply with ladder use best practices is unknown and has not been well quantified before. We developed and tested an audit tool that assesses compliance with best practices guidelines for portable-ladder-use designed for applications in the construction industry. Implemented on a hand-held computer, the assessment tool consisted of a series of check-lists categorized in four groups; ladder condition, setup, moving on a ladder, and completing tasks from a ladder. For these four observational categories, the resulting tool contained 31 and 33 questions for step and extension ladders, respectively. Three individuals trained to use the tool scored a set of photographs and videos depicting 25 ladder conditions, 20 ladder setups, 10 users moving on ladders, and 13 users completing tasks from a ladder for a total of 78 observations. The assessment tool had good agreement across and within raters. For the three raters, agreement ranged from 79% to 97% across the questions. Within one subject, kappa coefficients for the intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.67 to 0.91. The tool offers a practical method to quantify best practices associated with ladder use that can ultimately inform targeted intervention efforts. 相似文献
72.
Murphy JJ Dinar A Howitt RE Rassenti SJ Smith VL Weinberg M 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(2):1089-1096
The main objective of this paper is to design and test a decentralized exchange mechanism that generates the location-specific pricing necessary to achieve efficient allocations in the presence of instream flow values. Although a market-oriented approach has the potential to improve upon traditional command and control regulations, questions remain about how these rights-based institutions can be implemented such that the potential gains from liberalized trade can be realized. This article uses laboratory experiments to test three different water market institutions designed to incorporate instream flow values into the allocation mechanism through active participation of an environmental trader. The smart, computer-coordinated market described herein offers the potential to significantly reduce coordination problems and transaction costs associated with finding mutually beneficial trades that satisfy environmental constraints. We find that direct environmental participation in the market can achieve highly efficient and stable outcomes, although the potential does exist for the environmental agent to influence outcomes. 相似文献
73.
Learning for sustainability: participatory resource management in Cambodian fishing villages 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Considerable attention is now being given to the role and importance of education and learning implications of participatory resource and environmental governance. The contention is that such learning has the potential to transform behaviour, and in the case of resource management, may help change current patterns in resource use towards a more sustainable social-ecological system. Our purpose is to establish the opportunities for learning afforded to those participating in local level resource management committees in two Cambodian fishing communities and consider the learning outcomes from such opportunities. Our approach was qualitative and used a case study design. The findings establish a wide range of committee resource management activities that resulted in both instrumental (e.g., learning about administrative procedures) and communicative (e.g., insights into the need to conserve mangroves) learning. It was revealed that such learning can lead to changes in behaviour at the community level (e.g., managing local waste). Our findings also indicated a number of motivators and enablers of learning such as opportunities for dialogue, leadership and the presence of declining resources. 相似文献
74.
In the United States, the common interest often is conceived as a by-product of the pluralist, interest-group-driven democratic
process. Special interests dominate in many political arenas. Consequently, we have lost the language, vocabulary, and ability
to talk about the common interest. The way to reverse this trend is to develop and practice with new tools that allow us to
articulate what we mean by the common interest in specific contexts. In this article, we leveraged the literature on procedural,
substantive, and pragmatic decision making to illustrate how they work together to demonstrate whether and how the common
interest was served in three case studies of Healthy Forests Restoration Act implementation on the Apache-Sitgreaves National
Forest in Arizona. In two of the cases we found that the common interest was mostly served, while in the third case it was
not. Our results raise questions about the ability of procedural criteria or substantive criteria alone to determine effectiveness
in decision making. When evaluated together they provide a more complete understanding of how the common interest is or is
not served.
相似文献
Toddi A. SteelmanEmail: |
75.
‘Good’ governance and adaptive co-management hold broad appeal due to their positive connotations and ‘noble ethical claims’. This paper poses a fundamental question: is adaptive co-management ethical? In pursuing an answer to this question, the concept of adaptive co-management is succinctly summarized and three ethical perspectives (deontology, teleology and existentialism) are explored. The case of adaptive co-management in Cambodia is described and subsequently considered through the lens of ethical triangulation. The case illuminates important ethical considerations and directs attention towards the need for meditative thinking which increases the value of tradition, ecology, and culture. Giving ethics a central position makes clear the potential for adaptive co-management to be an agent for governance, which is good, right and authentic as well as an arena to embrace uncertainty. 相似文献
76.
Melissa L. Street John C. K. Barber Tracy A. Boyle Katrina H. Ellis Hilary Bullman Tessa Homfray 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(9):858-860
We report a case of maternal mosaic trisomy 21 ascertained at prenatal diagnosis as a result of maternal cell contamination of an amniotic fluid sample. A 34 year old female was referred for karyotyping because of a previous trisomy 21 pregnancy. Chromosome analysis of primary in situ cultures showed a karyotype of 47,XX, + 21[6]/46,XY[32]/46,XX[2]. Molecular testing demonstrated maternal cell contamination of the amniotic fluid sample and G-banded karyotyping of maternal blood showed that 3/200 cells had trisomy 21, consistent with the mother being a Down syndrome mosaic. A normal male baby with a 46,XY chromosome complement was delivered at 30 weeks. This case emphasises the need for close collaboration between cytogenetic and molecular genetics laboratories in resolving unusual cases of mosaicism. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
77.
Golden Eagle fatalities and the continental‐scale consequences of local wind‐energy generation
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Todd E. Katzner David M. Nelson Melissa A. Braham Jacqueline M. Doyle Nadia B. Fernandez Adam E. Duerr Peter H. Bloom Matthew C. Fitzpatrick Tricia A. Miller Renee C. E. Culver Loan Braswell J. Andrew DeWoody 《Conservation biology》2017,31(2):406-415
Renewable energy production is expanding rapidly despite mostly unknown environmental effects on wildlife and habitats. We used genetic and stable isotope data collected from Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) killed at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area (APWRA) in California in demographic models to test hypotheses about the geographic extent and demographic consequences of fatalities caused by renewable energy facilities. Geospatial analyses of δ2H values obtained from feathers showed that ≥25% of these APWRA‐killed eagles were recent immigrants to the population, most from long distances away (>100 km). Data from nuclear genes indicated this subset of immigrant eagles was genetically similar to birds identified as locals from the δ2H data. Demographic models implied that in the face of this mortality, the apparent stability of the local Golden Eagle population was maintained by continental‐scale immigration. These analyses demonstrate that ecosystem management decisions concerning the effects of local‐scale renewable energy can have continental‐scale consequences. 相似文献
78.
Vascular anomalies are rare disorders that encompass a group of lesions characterized by abnormal development of the lymphovascular system. Majority of these anomalies are present at birth and could potentially be detected during the prenatal period on imaging. This allows for early intervention and prompt management to improve outcomes. However, they can be difficult to diagnose, given the rarity and overlapping findings. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of congenital vascular anomalies with a liberal use of images of recent cases at our center emphasizing prenatal imaging findings and the natural history of these conditions. 相似文献
79.
Melissa Nursey-Bray 《Environmental management》2011,47(4):671-683
Worldwide, the implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) offers opportunities for delivering fisheries and biodiversity
management objectives. In Australia however, the primary function of an MPA is that of biodiversity conservation. Nonetheless,
the management of Indigenous customary fisheries is one area where fisheries and biodiversity issues converge. This article
examines the relationship between biodiversity and customary fisheries in an MPA context by investigation of the role and
importance of Indigenous social contexts. Using case study examples from Australia, I explore the role of Indigenous social
contexts in two dimensions: (i) management of traditional fisheries and (ii) Indigenous contribution to fisheries within an
MPA. Findings demonstrate two narratives concerning social contexts, one of recognition and the other concerning Indigenous
involvement in management. I conclude with a survey of Indigenous management initiatives within MPAs. The article ends with
a discussion of the utility of understanding social contexts in any marine management endeavour, specifically other social
contexts within an MPA. 相似文献
80.
A lack of understanding about the environmental implications of a proposed project may cause the public to perceive a risk of inflated value and, ultimately, bring the project to a complete and permanent standstill. The authors outline an approach to public education and involvement that focuses on two-way communication and promotes the development of acceptable solutions to critical environmental issues. 相似文献