气候变暖威胁港口生存

圣马可广场在历史上一直是威尼斯的政治、宗教和节庆中心,是威尼斯所有重要政府机构的所在地,自从19世纪以来是大主教的驻地,它同时也是许多威尼斯节庆选择的举办地。潮水上涨后的圣马可广场。     

基于BP神经网络的鄱阳湖水位模拟

考虑到鄱阳湖水位受流域五河与长江来水等多因素的共同作用而表现出高度非线性响应,采用典型的三层BPNN神经网络模型来模拟鄱阳湖水位与其主控因子之间的响应关系。分别将湖口、星子、都昌、棠荫和康山水位作为目标变量进行BPNN模型构建和适用性评估。结果显示：综合考虑流域五河及长江来水（汉口或九江）的BPNN水位模型,空间站点水位模拟精度（R2和Ens）可达090以上,各站点的均方根误差（RMSE）变化范围约050～10 m,若忽略长江来水的影响作用,仅将流域五河来水作为湖泊水位的主控影响因子,模型训练期与测试期的纳希效率系数（Ens）和确定性系数（R2）显著降低,且低于050,均方根误差（RMSE）也明显增大（124～288 m）,意味着综合考虑流域五河与长江来水是获取结构合理、精度保证的鄱阳湖水位模型的重要前提。同时建议针对鄱阳湖湖盆变化对水位的影响,尽可能选择一致性较好的长序列数据集来训练和测试BPNN模型。所构建的BPNN神经网络模型可进一步结合流域水文模型,用来预测气候变化与人类活动下流域径流变化对湖泊水位的潜在影响,也可作为一种有效的模型工具来回答当前鄱阳湖一些备受关注的热点问题,如定量区分流域五河与长江来水对湖泊洪枯水位的贡献分量,为湖泊洪涝灾害的防治和对策制定提供科学依据     

Effect of alginate on the aggregation kinetics of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs): bridging interaction and hetero-aggregation induced by Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript>

The stability of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) is expected to play a key role in the environmental risk assessment of nanotoxicity in aquatic systems. In this study, the effect of alginate (model polysaccharides) on the stability of CuO NPs in various environmentally relevant ionic strength conditions was investigated by using time-resolved dynamic light scattering. Significant aggregation of CuO NPs was observed in the presence of both monovalent and divalent cations. The critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) were 54.5 and 2.9 mM for NaNO₃ and Ca(NO₃)₂, respectively. The presence of alginate slowed nano-CuO aggregation rates over the entire NaNO₃ concentration range due to the combined electrostatic and steric effect. High concentrations of Ca²⁺ (>6 mM) resulted in stronger adsorption of alginate onto CuO NPs; however, enhanced aggregation of CuO NPs occurred simultaneously under the same conditions. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the bridging interaction of alginate with Ca²⁺ might be an important mechanism for the enhanced aggregation. Furthermore, significant coagulation of the alginate molecules was observed in solutions of high Ca²⁺ concentrations, indicating a hetero-aggregation mechanism between the alginate-covered CuO NPs and the unabsorbed alginate. These results suggested a different aggregation mechanism of NPs might co-exist in aqueous systems enriched with natural organic matter, which should be taken into consideration in future studies.

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Graphical abstract Hetero-aggregation mechanism of CuO nanoparticles and alginate under high concentration of Ca²⁺

     

东北亚地区沙尘暴监测合作机制研究

近年来,东北亚各国重视沙尘暴问题,开展了沙尘暴监测及研究等合作,逐步建立起东北亚地区沙尘暴监测合作机制.合作机制对推动东北亚地区共同治理沙尘暴问题具有积极意义.文章通过分析东北亚主要国家中国、日本和韩国的沙尘暴监测机制,探讨沙尘暴监测的合作机制模式,进而分析合作机制对推动各国在监测方法、管理机制等方面的促进作用.     

水质生物毒性在线监测技术研究进展

从生物分子、细胞、个体、种群和群落水平,系统介绍了国内外研发的水质毒性在线监测技术,归纳分析了各种技术的特点及应用,并提出了其发展前景与趋势。     

冲压机械伤害风险评价信息系统研究

研究冲压机械伤害风险评价信息系统,无论对企业内部事故预防还是对职工健康安全,还是节省国家因事故造成的经济损失,都十分必要。应用计算机编程语言和数据库软件,对冲压作业进行综合管理评价、设备设施的固有危险性评价及劳动卫生与作业环境评价,进而对冲压作业风险进行评价分级,建立动态的冲压机械伤害风险评价数据库管理信息系统。该系统可保存所有评价的项目资料,供应用和参考,实现了对冲压机械伤害风险评价的数据库动态管理,使风险评价分析工作组织化、条理化、系统化。     

烟气脱硝技术及在我国的应用

氮氧化物气体是危害最大、最难处理的大气污染物之一。随着经济的发展,有效控制燃煤造成的大气污染已经刻不容缓,特别是控制燃煤过程中的氮氧化物,烟气脱硝技术显得相当重要。本文分析了几种常用的烟气脱硝技术（选择性催化还原脱硝技术、选择性非催化还原脱硝技术、碱性溶液吸收法和等离子体活化法等）的原理、技术特点以及在我国的应用情况。     

日本汽车行业加大环保研发投入的启示

通过对日本汽车行业在环保领域的资金投入状况分析,明确了其加大环保研发投入,实现企业利益与社会公益责任双赢的发展方向.并结合我国的实际情况,提出了针对我国汽车行业发展的建议.     

Effect of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and As) on the ultrastructure of Sargassum pallidum in Daya Bay, China

Concentrations of Cu, Pb, and As were determined in seawater, surface sediment, Sargassum pallidum collected from the Daya Bay, China. The influence of metal contamination on the marine alga was investigated at chemical and ultrastructural level. Mean concentrations of Cu (19.44 mg kg^?1) and Pb (33.99 mg kg^?1) were found to be high in sediment, whereas concentration of As (122.29 mg kg^?1) in S. pallidum was higher than that in water and sediment. The ultrastructure of S. pallidum cells was anomalous and aberrant. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic analysis revealed that the nanometal particles in the form of comparatively high-electron density substance diffused in the cell structures constituted by Cu, Pb, As, etc. There is a remarkable similarity or correspondence in the anomalous elements between the geochemistry and the botanic cell, and the heavy metals have potential hazardous effect on the ocean ecology system in Daya Bay.