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91.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Microfibril Reinforced Polyhydroxybutyrate Biocomposites
R. Krishnaprasad N. R. Veena Hanna J. Maria Rathish Rajan Mikael Skrifvars Kuruvilla Joseph 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2009,17(2):109-114
In the present investigation, microfibrils were extracted from raw bamboo and characterized using scanning electron microscope.
Composites based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bamboo microfibril were prepared with various microfibril loading. The mechanical
and thermal properties of the resulting composites were measured. Tensile strength and impact strength of the composites were
found to be increasing with increase in the loading of bamboo microfibrils, reached an optimum and thereafter decreased with
further increase in microfibril loading. Percentage crystallinity was found to be increasing with increase in fibril loading.
Thermal stability of the composite was higher than that of pure PHB. The composite could be developed further for various
structural applications. 相似文献
92.
Sven Andersson Evalena W. Blomqvist Linda Bäfver Frida Jones Kent Davidsson Jan Froitzheim Martin Karlsson Erik Larsson Jesper Liske 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(1):67-78
Sulfur recirculation is a new technology for reducing boiler corrosion and dioxin formation. It was demonstrated in full-scale tests at a Waste to Energy plant in Göteborg (Sweden) during nearly two months of operation. Sulfur was recirculated as sulfuric acid from the flue gas cleaning back to the boiler, thus creating a sulfur loop.The new technology was evaluated by extensive measurement campaigns during operation under normal conditions (reference case) and operation with sulfur recirculation. The chlorine content of both fly ash and boiler ash decreased and the sulfur content increased during the sulfur recirculation tests. The deposit growth and the particle concentration decreased with sulfur recirculation and the dioxin concentration (I-TEQ) of the flue gas was reduced by approximately 25%. Sulfuric acid dew point measurements showed that the sulfuric acid dosage did not lead to elevated SO3 concentrations, which may otherwise induce low temperature corrosion.In the sulfur recirculation corrosion probe exposures, the corrosion rate decreased for all tested materials (16Mo3, Sanicro 28 and Inconel 625) and material temperatures (450 °C and 525 °C) compared to the reference exposure. The corrosion rates were reduced by 60–90%. Sulfur recirculation prevented the formation of transition metal chlorides at the metal/oxide interface, formation of chromate and reduced the presence of zinc in the corrosion products. Furthermore, measured corrosion rates at 525 °C with sulfur recirculation in operation were similar or lower compared to those measured at 450 °C material temperature in reference conditions, which corresponds to normal operation at normal steam temperatures. This implies that sulfur recirculation allows for higher steam data and electricity production without increasing corrosion. 相似文献
93.
Scientific information is not always effectively incorporated into decision-making processes. This phenomenon seems to hold
even when the information is aligned with an articulated need, is generated according to sound scientific procedures, and
is packaged with end-user preferences in mind. We propose that contextual or cultural differences contribute significantly
to the misalignment in communication between those who generate information and those who seek information for improved management
of natural resources. The solution is to cultivate shared understanding, which in turn relies on acknowledgment and sharing
of diverse values and attitudes. This constitutes a difficult challenge in a culturally diverse environment. Whereas cultural
diversity represents wealth in experiences, knowledge and perspectives it can constrain the potential to develop the shared
understandings necessary for effective integration of new information. This article illustrates how a lack of shared understanding
among participants engaged in a resource-management process can produce and perpetuate divergent views of the world, to the
extent that information and knowledge flows are ineffective and scientific information, even when requested, cannot be used
effectively. Four themes were distilled from interviews with management and scientific staff of a natural resource–management
agency in South Africa. The themes are used to illustrate how divergent views embedded in different cultures can discourage
alignment of effort toward a common purpose. The article then presents a sense-making framework to illustrate the potential
for developing shared understandings in a culturally diverse world. 相似文献
94.
Mikael Skou Andersen 《环境政策》2019,28(6):1084-1104
ABSTRACTThe momentum achieved for unilateral carbon taxes in seven European countries is examined. Why is it that small countries, despite being vulnerable to forces of international competition, have been able to implement carbon taxes? A review of national experiences does not suggest that the share of fossil fuels in the energy mix defines the room for such taxes, or point to a strong role for traditional left-right ideology. Rather, it is deep-seated patterns of national policy styles with neo-corporatist traits, providing a protective device for the open economies of small countries, which condition the introduction of carbon taxes. The associated routines of decision-making offer coordination mechanisms for proactive macroeconomic policies in which carbon taxation can find a place. Parliamentary democracies with proportional representation, as is common in the smaller countries, provide access to government for political parties that pursue carbon taxation. These in turn sensitise larger political parties to climate concerns, as they benefit from institutionalised practices and routines for problem-solving and consensus-seeking. 相似文献
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98.
Mikael van Deurs Jane W. Behrens Thomas Warnar John Fleng Steffensen 《Marine Biology》2011,158(8):1781-1789
The commercially and ecologically valuable sandeel (Ammodytes ssp.) make distinct vertical shifts between an inactive stage,
during which they seek refuge in the sand, and a pelagic schooling stage, during which they forage. This characteristic discontinuous
foraging pattern constitutes a challenge to fishery biologists and has consequences for a wide range of predators ranging
from birds and mammals to commercially important species. However, experimental studies that shed light on the primary drivers
of foraging activity in fish are rare. In the present study, whole schools of sandeel (A. tobianus) were caught in August in east Denmark (65°02′30N; 12°37′00E) and kept in large tanks in the laboratory. It was found that
the amount of food ingested and memory of past days feeding history are primary drivers of foraging activity at the level
of the entire school, whereas external factors such as prey concentration and temperature are merely secondary drivers. 相似文献
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100.
Rasmus Karlsson 《Environmental Science & Policy》2009,12(2):190-197
At first, it may seem as if the sustainable transition would force us to make a cynical trade-off between (a) the immediate needs of the global poor and (b) the future needs of the global rich. Crucial objectives, such as climate stability, are commonly held to be unattainable if the rest of the world would come to enjoy present Western living standards.Challenging this pessimistic analysis, this essay explores the possibility of opening up advanced technological paths to environmental sustainability by means of a “global Fordian compromise”. Built around trade reform, such a compromise would resemble its historic namesake by not seeking individual moral reform, as emphasized in environmental citizenship theory, but rather by drawing on the momentum of existing socio-economic dynamics. 相似文献