Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of Chinese mainland

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.     

Trace elements and rare earth elements in wet deposition of Lijiang, Mt. Yulong region, southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

In order to investigate the compositions and wet deposition fluxes of trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) in the precipitation of the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, 38 precipitation samples were collected from March to August in 2012 in an urban site of Lijiang city in the Mt. Yulong region. The concentrations of most trace elements and REEs were higher during the non-monsoon season than during the monsoon season, indicating that the lower concentrations of trace elements and REEs observed during monsoon had been influenced by the dilution effect of increased precipitation. The concentrations of trace elements in the precipitation of Lijiang city were slightly higher than those observed in remote sites of the Tibetan Plateau but much lower than those observed in the metropolises of China, indicating that the atmospheric environment of Lijiang city was less influenced by anthropogenic emissions, and, as a consequence, the air quality was still relatively good. However, the results of enrichment factor and principal component analysis revealed that some anthropogenic activities (e.g., the increasing traffic emissions from the rapid development of tourism) were most likely important contributors to trace elements, while the regional/local crustal sources rather than anthropogenic activities were the predominant contributors to the REEs in the wet deposition of Lijiang city. Our study was relevant not only for assessing the current status of the atmospheric environment in the Mt. Yulong region, but also for specific management actions to be implemented for the control of atmospheric inputs and the health of the environment for the future.     

南京市居民生活垃圾调查及减量化分析

对南京市城区100户居民家庭生活垃圾进行了上门收集和调查分析,结果表明,9、10、11月份人均家庭生活垃圾产生量约为0．283k/人·天,其中10月份垃圾产生量最高约为0．329kr／人·天,11月份垃圾产生量最低约为0．249kg／人·天。日常生活垃圾中,厨余垃圾含量最高约占垃圾总量的66％左右;其次是塑料垃圾,约占垃圾总量的12％左右。通过采取适当的减量化干预措施后,居民家庭生活垃圾产生量可降低约1％-9％。     

鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)卵黄蛋白原的ELISA检测

采用Sephadex G-200柱层析从鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)成熟鱼卵中提取卵黄脂磷蛋白并制备抗卵黄脂磷蛋白抗血清.用DEAE-cellulose阴离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-300分子筛凝胶层析相结合的两步层析从经17b-雌二醇诱导的雌鱼血浆中提纯卵黄蛋白原.免疫印迹反应显示卵黄脂磷蛋白和卵黄蛋白原都与抗卵黄脂磷蛋白抗血清有特异的反应.以抗卵黄脂磷蛋白抗血清作为抗体,卵黄蛋白原作为竞争抗原建立了间接竞争法酶联免疫吸附反应(ELISA)方法来检测雄鱼血液中卵黄蛋白原含量.该方法可测的最低浓度为7.8ng/mL,工作范围为0.39~25mg/mL,批内和批间误差分别为6.5%和7.5%.     

电絮凝-膜过滤技术处理含铜废水的研究

为了有效控制重金属废水对环境的污染,采用电絮凝-膜过滤技术处理含铜废水,考察了进水pH、电极电流密度和水流量对铜去除率的影响。结果表明:该技术的最佳进水pH值为5.8,电极电流密度为10 A/m2,水流量为2 L/min。在此条件下,对不同浓度的含铜废水进行处理,铜去除率均在95%以上,最高可达99.02%。由此可见,电絮凝-膜过滤技术对含铜废水具有良好的处理效果。     

菹草生长对沉积物间隙水中各形态磷浓度的影响

通过人工构建湖泊生态系统,用湖泊沉积物的上层泥和下层泥分别代表清淤前后的2种基质,研究菹草(Potamogeton crispus)生长对沉积物不同层次间隙水中各形态磷浓度的影响.垂直方向上,将2种基质中的间隙水分为表层、中层和底层3个层次.结果表明,菹草生长能够不同程度地降低各层间隙水中磷浓度,上层泥和下层泥2种基质均表现为表层间隙水溶解性总磷(DTP)和溶解性活性磷(SRP)含量降低幅度最大,DTP含量分别降低68.97％和83.09％,SRP含量分别降低54.57％和96.02％.菹草的吸收作用使得各层间隙水中磷浓度均低于无沉水植物的对照组.试验结束时,2种沉积物中TP含量降低幅度差异不显著,说明疏浚前后种植菹草均可有效控制湖泊内源磷污染.     

大同铅锌尾矿不同污染程度土壤细菌群落分析及生态功能特征

随着工业化飞速发展,矿山开采滞留大量废弃物严重破坏了生态环境,造成的污染亟待解决.以不同污染区为对象,利用Illumina高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌群落的变化,结合土壤理化因子探究土壤细菌群落主要影响因素,并对其潜在生态学功能进行预测.结果表明,受尾矿污染加剧影响,土壤养分流失严重.土壤样品共获得细菌操作分类单元(OTU)14 253个,重度污染区(W1)、中度污染区(W2)、轻度污染区(W3)和清洁区(CK)的OTU数分别为3 240、 3 330、 3 813和3 870个,随着污染加剧,土壤OTU值下降.在土壤细菌群落α多样性分析中,与CK相比,W1显著降低了Chao1、 ACE和Shannon指数(P<0.05),W3无显著差异.土壤细菌群落的优势菌门是放线菌门(β-Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(β-Proteobacteria)和绿弯菌门(β-Chloroflexi),污染区(W1～W3)提高了放线菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度,降低了绿弯菌门的相对丰度,W1优势菌门的相对丰度与CK差异性显著(P<0.05).RDA分析表明土壤理化性质与土壤细菌群落的总变异...     

湿地综合分类研究:Ⅱ.模型

在前文［１］提出的湿地综合分类方法的基础上，进一步探讨用状态变量描述湿地状态特征和动力特征的途径。重点讨论建立反映湿地状态变量间制约关系的湿地动力模型。这一工作是湿地综合分类的主要目的所在，是综合分类研究的自然延伸，同时也是实现对湿地系统定量描述的有益尝试。     

土壤微塑料与微生物的相互作用关系

作为新兴污染物,微塑料的生态和环境影响受到广泛关注.本文以近十年发表的文献为基础,系统分析和综述了土壤微塑料与微生物的相互作用关系.分析结果发现微塑料与微生物存在复杂的相互作用关系,例如微塑料携带外源微生物进入土壤环境,并通过释放添加剂和吸附物对土壤微生物产生影响,且微塑料通过改变土壤理化性质、土壤动物肠道微生物和植物根际微生物间接改变土壤微生物,包括改变土壤微生物的生物量、群落结构和功能,此外,土壤微生物对微塑料的降解也起到了一定的作用.基于这些分析结果,文章还展望了未来应该深入研究的关键科学问题,旨在促进土壤微塑料对生态系统和健康影响评估研究.     

矿井水源判别的GA-SVM模型研究

作为水在岩体中流动通道的渗透结构面,微观上表现出不连续性和高度的非线性等特点,因此,矿井充水水源具有不确定性、非线性。传统水化学判别分析方法往往难以准确地描述这种复杂的非线性特征,因而对矿井水源进行准确判别尚存在一定的困难。在传统SVM(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的基础上,利用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对传统SVM进行优化,克服了传统SVM模型参数选取经验化的弊端,并利用该方法对开磷集团马路坪矿几种水源的6个化学样本进行训练,建立了GA-SVM模型。实例分析表明,该模型判别结果与实际情况相符合,表明该模型在矿井水源判别中具有良好的实用性和有效性。