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821.
Objective: We conducted a cohort study of recent wartime veterans to determine the postservice mortality risk due to motor vehicle accidents (MVAs).

Methods: Veterans were identified from the Defense Manpower Data Center records. Deployment to te Iraq or Afghanistan war zone was determined from the Contingency Tracking System. Vital status of 317,581 deployed and 964,493 nondeployed veterans was followed from their discharge dates between 2001 to 2007 until earlier of date of death or December 31, 2009. Underlying causes of death were obtained from the National Death Index Plus.

Results: Based on 9,353 deaths (deployed, 1,650; nondeployed, 7,703), of which 779 were MVA deaths as drivers (166; 613), both cohorts had 25 to 24% lower mortality risk from all causes but had 44 to 45% higher risk of MVA deaths relative to the U.S. general population. The higher MVA mortality risk was not associated with deployment to the war zone. After controlling for age, sex, race, marital status, branch of service, and rank, the risk for deployed veterans was comparable to that of nondeployed veterans (hazard ratio = 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.77–1.09).

Conclusions: Veterans exhibit significantly higher risk of MVA deaths compared to the U.S. general population. However, deployment to the Iraq or Afghanistan war was not associated with the excess risk.  相似文献   

822.
Removal of tetracycline from water by Fe-Mn binary oxide   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Significant concerns have been raised over the presence of antibiotics including tetracyclines in aquatic environments. A series of Fe-Mn binary oxide with different Fe:Mn molar ratios was synthesized by a simultaneous oxidation and coprecipitation process for TC removal. Results showed that Fe-Mn binary oxide had higher removal efficiency than that of hydrous iron oxide and hydrous manganese oxide, and that the oxide with a Fe:Mn molar ratio of 5:1 was the best in removal than other molar ratios. The tetracycline removal was highly pH dependent. The removal of tetracycline decreased with the increase of initial concentration, but the absolute removal quantity was more at high concentration. The presence of cations and anions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, CO32- and SO42- had no significant effect on the tetracycline removal in our experimental conditions, while SiO32- and PO43- had hindered the adsorption of tetracycline. The mechanism investigation found that tetracycline removal was mainly achieved by the replacement of surface hydroxyl groups by the tetracycline species and formation of surface complexes at the water/oxide interface. This primary study suggests that Fe-Mn binary oxide with a proper Fe:Mn molar ratio will be a very promising material for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions.  相似文献   
823.
通过研究北市河地质结构、地表水和地下水补排关系、污染物在地表水和地下水中的迁移转化规律及转化量这3个方面来分析地下水与地表水的水力联系,发现北市河从地质角度上上游、中游具备发生水利联系的条件,而下游的发生水利联系的可能性很小;上游平水期污染物由地表水扩散到地下水,丰水期由地下水扩散到地表水;中游地区地表水的污染物扩散到地下水,而下游就没有明显的污染物扩散现象.然而并未发现地下水地表水之间有明显的相互影响.  相似文献   
824.
坡度分析在昆明盆地断层分段中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
地面坡度是反映地形地貌变化的关键因子,应用坡度分析一定程度上可以反映断层的展布特征。本文收集整理昆明市区附近千余份钻孔数据,筛选其中238个钻孔进行钻孔层序分层和数据库的建设,使用ArcScene软件生成研究区地表、海埂组(QhH)底部以及官渡组(Qp3G)底部地层面的三维地质模型。应用ArcGIS软件中坡度分析模块,获得各个界面的坡度图,从坡度变化特征方面对研究区5条主要断层的活动性与分段特征进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   
825.
Hepatitis A is a major infectious disease epidemiologically associated with foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Molecular detection using real-time RT-PCR to detect the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in contaminated vegetables can be hindered by low-virus recoveries during the concentration process and by natural PCR inhibitors in vegetables. This study evaluated three virus concentration methods from vegetables: polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration (UF), and immunomagnetic separation (IMS). UF was the most efficient concentration method, while PEG and IMS were very low for the recovery rate of HAV. These results demonstrate that UF is the most appropriate method for recovering HAV from contaminated vegetables and that this method combined with the real-time RT-PCR assay may be suitable for routine laboratory use.  相似文献   
826.
为了探明分流制泵站旱流放江对受纳河道的影响,以上海市中心城区典型分流制系统Z泵站为例,研究了旱流放江对受纳河道水质的影响。结果显示:(1)受泵站放江的影响,河道COD、硫化物以及氨氮的增幅分别为0.23%~37.68%、7.4%~76.19%、10.60%~76.15%;(2)旱流放江污染物对河道水质的影响有显著差异,其中COD与氨氮浓度的下降主要源于水体的稀释扩散作用;而H2S、FeS等硫化物浓度的降低则更多的受到氧化还原反应的影响;(3)Z泵站旱流放江对Z河水质的显著影响范围为泵站排放口上下游40 m范围内,对黄浦江水质的影响则总体不大。  相似文献   
827.
Targeted placement of vegetative buffers may increase their effectiveness for improving water quality in agricultural watersheds. The use of digital elevation models (DEMs) enables precise mapping of runoff pathways for identifying where greater runoff loads can be intercepted and treated with buffers. Five different DEM‐based targeting indexes were compared and contrasted for the degree to which they identify similar locations in watersheds: Flow Accumulation [S.K. Jenson and J.O. Domingue (1988). Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54:1593], Wetness Index [I.D. Moore, R.B. Grayson, and A.R. Ladson (1991). Hydrological Processes 5:3], Topographic Index [M.T. Walter, T.S. Steenhuis, V.K. Mehta, D. Thongs, M. Zion, and E. Schneiderman (2002). Hydrological Processes 16:2041], and the Water Inflow and Sediment Retention Indexes [M.G. Dosskey, Z. Qiu, M.J. Helmers, and D.E. Eisenhauer (2011b). Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 66:362]. The indexes were applied in two different watersheds, one in New Jersey and one in Missouri. Results showed that they all tend to target similar locations in both watersheds which traces to the importance of larger contributing area to the rankings by each index. Disagreement among indexes traces to other variables which enable more accurate targeting under particular hydrologic circumstances. Effective use of these indexes poses special challenges, including selecting an index that better describes the hydrologic circumstances in a watershed and is simple enough to use, ensuring the accuracy of the DEM, and determining a maximum index value for the appropriateness of vegetative buffers. When properly applied, each index can provide a standardized basis and effective spatial resolution for targeting buffer placement in watersheds.  相似文献   
828.
北京作为"国家首都、世界城市、文化名城和宜居城市",近两年加快了应急避难场所建设的步伐。针对北京市应急避难场所管理过程中存在的问题,在详细介绍ArcGIS Server的体系结构和内部运行机制的基础上,结合北京市应急避难场所的实际情况,开发了基于ASP.Net Ajax和Arcgis Server北京市应急避难场所信息管理平台。系统采用了Oracle数据库存储空间和业务数据,通过ArcSDE实现Arcgis Server和Oracle数据库的连接,实现了属性数据和空间数据的一体化存储。不仅有利于提供及时、直观、形象的应急避难场所属性信息和空间信息,同时在事故发生后抢险救灾、伤员疏散以及最大限度的减少事故损失方面起到了关键作用。  相似文献   
829.
The objective of this study was to assess the changes in mine water quality as an underground mine flooded from July 2005 to October 2008. The effect of air injection with a blower into the water was used to evaluate the potential to convert ferrous to ferric iron and to provide in situ treatment and precipitation. Mine flooding averaged 31 cm/day with a linear shape until November 2007, when it flattened out due to outflow. During flooding, mine water pH remained around 6, but Eh shifted from 200 to −150 mV. After the mine water level stabilized, contents of elements such as Fe and SO4 tended to decrease as time passed. Air was injected by diffusers (150 L/min/each) at three different depths of 2, 3, and 5 m below the water level in the shaft. Dissolved oxygen eventually increased to 4 or 5 mg/L depending on the depth of the diffusers. Aeration caused conversion of ferrous iron to ferric iron and about 30 mg/l of iron was removed from the mine water. Therefore, air injection shows potential as a semi-active treatment or part of conventional treatment to precipitate iron in the mine pool.  相似文献   
830.
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