Enhanced Fenton's destruction of non-aqueous phase perchloroethylene in soil systems

The Fenton's system is applied to the destruction of perchloroethylene (PCE) present as a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) in soil slurry systems; the initial concentration of PCE was 45 times higher than its aqueous solubility. Studies were conducted in two matrices: Ottawa sand and soil from Warsaw, IN. In Ottawa sand, a 60-62% decrease in PCE concentration was observed, and Cl(-) recovery was 47-58%, whereas in Warsaw soil, a 44-49% decrease in PCE concentration and a Cl(-) recovery of 40-42% were observed after the addition of 600 mM H(2)O(2) and 10 mM dissolved iron. Significantly enhanced destruction resulted during application of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) iminodiacetic acid (HEIDA) to Warsaw soil. For example, in the absence of HEIDA in Warsaw soil, 36% PCE loss and 33% Cl(-) release were observed at 600 mM H(2)O(2) and 5 mM Fe(III), while 74% PCE loss and 63% Cl(-) release were achieved at 600 mM H(2)O(2) and 5 mM Fe(III)-HEIDA. For both soils, the catalytic activities of Fe(II) and Fe(III) were nearly equivalent. These findings clearly demonstrate that system design can be optimized with regard to process variables in Fenton's treatment of DNAPL in soils.     

有机酸强化Fe(Ⅲ)还原介导的Shewanella oneidensis MR-1降解磺胺甲噁唑

在实验室条件下,研究了Shewanella oneidensis MR-1对磺胺甲噁唑（Sulfamethoxazole,SMX）的降解特性以及低分子有机酸强化Fe（Ⅲ）还原介导的S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX的降解.结果表明,S.oneidensis MR-1对不同浓度SMX的降解能力与体系中的有机酸和Fe（Ⅲ）密切相关.低浓度SMX对其生长影响不大,高浓度时细菌生长则受到抑制,进而抑制SMX的降解率.当低分子有机酸单独加入体系后,S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX的最大降解率为58.5%;Fe（Ⅲ）单独加入体系后,S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX的最大降解率为67.6%.此外,当柠檬酸和Fe（OH）₃同时加入体系后,S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX生物降解和铁还原作用促进效果最显著,培养5 d后SMX降解率为90.3%.最后,采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS）对SMX的降解中间产物进行了分析,推测SMX的可能降解途径是由S-N键断裂引起的.本研究以期为地下水污染场地修复提供理论依据.     

LNG加气站槽车卸车直供过程泄漏后果分析

为研究LNG加气站槽车直接供液过程泄漏后果严重程度,采用HAZOP辨识槽车供液和储罐供液典型泄漏场景,基于PHAST分析不同泄漏场景下LNG液池半径、蒸汽云扩散距离及积聚时长、爆炸超压和池火热辐射影响范围,定量评价槽车供液可能造成的事故后果扩大程度.结果表明:槽车供液泄漏事故的LNG液池最大半径、蒸汽云最大扩散距离、爆...     

北方旱农区玉米自然降水生产潜力研究

针对我国北方水资源匮乏日益严重的状况,利用CERES-Maize作物模型模拟分析了北方旱区玉米自然降水生产潜力及其时空分布规律。研究表明,我国北方旱区玉米的水分生产潜力大小排序依次是半湿润区>半干旱区>干旱区,半湿润区的玉米自然降水生产潜力大约为11000kg/hm₂,干旱区大约在5000kg/hm₂,但同时半湿润区潜力的年际间波动性也最显著,干旱区则相对较为稳定。我国北方旱区东部的玉米生产潜力高于西部,但南北方向潜力差异不明显。     

湿地综合分类研究:Ⅰ.分类

目前湿地研究中存在的主要问题是湿地分类标准不一，不同学科间的湿地分类系统缺乏可比性，且缺乏类别界定的定量指标。本文在总结吸收湿地分类已有成果的基础上，比较了已有方法的优劣，提出了一种动力与成因相结合的综合分类法，并讨论了各个分类等级上分类因子的定量描述方法，从而在一定程度上保证了湿地分类的通用性和定量性。这一综合分类方法的提出有助于用数学模型对湿地动态变化进行定量描述①。     

Settling and dewatering characteristics of granulated methane-oxidizing bacteria

We evaluated the settling ability and dewaterability of granulated methane-oxidizing bacteria (GMOB) after granulation using a continuous-flow reactor. A comparative analysis on settling and dewatering characteristics due to changes in sludge retention time (SRT, 10, 15 and 20 days) during cultivation of GMOB was conducted. In assessing dewaterability, the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of activated sludge and GMOB was found to be 8.21×1013-2.38×1014 and 4.88 × 1012-1.98×1013 m/kg, respectively. It was confirmed that as SRT decreased, SRF of GMOB increased. In the case of bound extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), activated sludge registered 147.5 mg/g-VSS while GMOB exhibited 171-177.2 mg/g-VSS. In the case of extracellular polymeric substance soluble EPS in effluent, activated sludge measured 62 mg/L and GMOB had 17.4-21.4 mg/L. The particle size analysis showed that mean particle diameters of GMOB were 402, 369, and 350 μm, respectively, at SRTs of 20, 15 and 10 days. In addition, it was found that GMOB had a larger mean particle diameter and exhibited much better settleability and dewaterability than activated sludge did.     

基于卫星遥感数据(AOD)估算PM2.5的研究进展

雾霾天气的频繁出现,不断向人们警示中国大气环境污染的严重性.细颗粒物PM2.5作为空气质量评价指标之一,由于粒径小、为有毒性物质提供载体的特性,对人们的健康和生活产生很大的负面影响.近年来,PM2.5的相关研究引起了世界各国研究者的广泛关注,通过地基手段获得PM2.5质量浓度受到环境、地理等因素的限制,而利用卫星遥感技术估算地面PM2.5质量浓度,覆盖面广、估算精度可靠,对环境污染监测和治理具有重要意义.在综合了国内外关于气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)估算PM2.5文献的基础上,对AOD和PM2.5的数据源和估算的方法及手段作了简要介绍,分析总结了AOD与PM2.5相关性与PM2.5遥感估算的模型,并展望了未来PM2.5研究的发展方向.     

聚氨酯泡沫材料的粘接性能研究

介绍了常规聚氨酯泡沫材料的原料及合成;探讨了主要原料的选择,发泡剂、交联剂、催化剂等助剂的选择及化学改性聚氨酯泡沫三方面因素对聚氨酯泡沫粘接性能的变化规律的影响,并介绍了常用的几种提高聚氨酯泡沫粘接强度的方法;提出了改善聚氨酯泡沫粘接过程中存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

衡山云水总过氧化氢的浓度特征及气象影响因素

于2009年3月11日—5月29日在衡山采集云雾水样品,采用荧光分光光度法对样品中的总过氧化氢浓度进行了测定,分析了衡山云雾水中总过氧化氢的浓度特征及气象影响因素。结果表明,衡山云雾水中总过氧化氢平均浓度为8.46 μmol/L,呈现出明显的日夜浓度差异。分析风向、风速、辐射强度和温度对云雾水总过氧化氢浓度的影响,发现总过氧化氢浓度与风速间存在明显的负相关关系,风向主要来自海洋时,其浓度较高,来自陆地时则较低,这与来自陆地的气流携带有大量的氮氧化物和二氧化硫有关。此外,总过氧化氢浓度随温度的升高具有明显增加的趋势,且当辐射强度大于50 w/m²时,总过氧化氢与辐射强度呈良好的正相关,相关系数为0.713,说明总过氧化氢的浓度分布与光化学反应关系密切。     

Kinetic modeling of fenton oxidation of phenol and monochlorophenols

A kinetic model, consisting of 28 reactions, was proposed to understand the key mechanism of the Fenton oxidation of phenol and o-, m-, and p-chlorophenols. Particular attention is paid to the interactions of the organic intermediates with the Fe species. The proposed model reasonably predicts the decomposition kinetics and by-product formation for the different phenols at widely varying levels of Fe2+, H2O2, and the phenols. For the phenols and intermediates, change in concentrations with time was predicted within 20-30% deviation from the measured data. The single model predicts the overall kinetics of Fenton oxidation of all the tested phenols by adjusting the rate constant of hydroxyl radical for each phenol. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the key reactions are those that directly govern the levels of OH radical and Fe2+. Both the model prediction and the experimental results show that the decomposition rate could be complicated particularly by the availability of Fe2+. Understanding the interactions of the organic intermediates with Fe2+ is thus of critical importance to improve the decomposition performance.