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141.
A probabilistic water quality index for river water quality assessment: a case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nikoo MR Kerachian R Malakpour-Estalaki S Bashi-Azghadi SN Azimi-Ghadikolaee MM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,181(1-4):465-478
Available water quality indices have some limitations such as incorporating a limited number of water quality variables and providing deterministic outputs. This paper presents a hybrid probabilistic water quality index by utilizing fuzzy inference systems (FIS), Bayesian networks (BNs), and probabilistic neural networks (PNNs). The outputs of two traditional water quality indices, namely the indices proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, are selected as inputs of the FIS. The FIS is trained based on the opinions of several water quality experts. Then the trained FIS is used in a Monte Carlo analysis to provide the required input-output data for training both the BN and PNN. The trained BN and PNN can be used for probabilistic water quality assessment using water quality monitoring data. The efficiency and applicability of the proposed methodology is evaluated using water quality data obtained from water quality monitoring system of the Jajrood River in Iran. 相似文献
142.
Mohammad Zubair Alam Shamim Ahmad Abdul Malik 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,178(1-4):281-291
In the present study, a total of 198 bacteria were isolated, 88 from the tannery effluents and 110 from agricultural soil irrigated with the tannery effluents. Tannery effluents and soils were analyzed for metal concentrations by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The tannery effluents and soil samples were found to be contaminated with chromium, nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium. All isolates were tested for their resistance against Cr6?+?, Cr3?+?, Ni2?+?, Zn2?+?, Cu2?+?, Cd2?+?, and Hg2?+?. From the total of 198 isolates, maximum bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to Cr6?+? 178 (89.9%) followed by Cr3?+? 146 (73.7%), Cd2?+? 86 (43.4%), Zn2?+? 83 (41.9%), Ni2?+? 61 (30.8%), and Cu2?+? 51 (25.6%). However, most of the isolates were sensitive to Hg2?+?. Among the isolates from tannery effluents, 97.8% were resistant to Cr6?+? and 64.8% were resistant to Cr3?+?. Most of the soil isolates were resistant against Cr6?+? (83.6%) and Cr3?+? (81.8%). All isolates were categorized into Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In a total of 114 Gram-positive isolates, 91.2% were resistant to Cr6?+? followed by 73.7% to Cr3?+?, 42.1% to Zn2?+?, 40.4% to Cd2?+?, and 32.5% to Ni2?+?. Among Gram-negative isolates, 88.1% were found showing resistance to Cr6?+?, 75.0% to Cr3?+?, and 47.6% were resistant to Cd2?+?. Majority of these metal-resistant isolates were surprisingly found sensitive to the ten commonly used antibiotics. Out of 198 isolates, 114 were found sensitive to all antibiotics whereas only two isolates were resistant to maximum eight antibiotics at a time. Forty-one and 40 isolates which constitute 20.7% and 20.2% were resistant to methicilin and amoxicillin, respectively. 相似文献
143.
Drinking water quality assessment in Southern Sindh (Pakistan) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mehrunisa Memon Mohammed Saleh Soomro Mohammad Saleem Akhtar Kazi Suleman Memon 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,177(1-4):39-50
The southern Sindh province of Pakistan adjoins the Arabian Sea coast where drinking water quality is deteriorating due to dumping of industrial and urban waste and use of agrochemicals and yet has limited fresh water resources. The study assessed the drinking water quality of canal, shallow pumps, dug wells, and water supply schemes from the administrative districts of Thatta, Badin, and Thar by measuring physical, chemical, and biological (total coliform) quality parameters. All four water bodies (dug wells, shallow pumps canal water, and water supply schemes) exceeded WHO MPL for turbidity (24%, 28%, 96%, 69%), coliform (96%, 77%, 92%, 81%), and electrical conductivity (100%, 99%, 44%, 63%), respectively. However, the turbidity was lower in underground water, i.e., 24% and 28% in dug wells and shallow pumps as compared to open water, i.e., 96% and 69% in canal and water supply schemes, respectively. In dug wells and shallow pumps, limits for TDS, alkalinity, hardness, and sodium exceeded, respectively, by 63% and 33%; 59% and 70%, 40% and 27%, and 78% and 26%. Sodium was major problem in dug wells and shallow pumps of district Thar and considerable percent in shallow pumps of Badin. Iron was major problem in all water bodies of district Badin ranging from 50% to 69% and to some extent in open waters of Thatta. Other parameters as pH, copper, manganese, zinc, and phosphorus were within standard permissible limits of World Health Organization. Some common diseases found in the study area were gastroenteritis, diarrhea and vomiting, kidney, and skin problems. 相似文献
144.
145.
Azizian MF Nelson PO Thayumanavan P Williamson KJ 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2003,23(8):719-728
The practice of incorporating certain waste products into highway construction and repair materials (CRMs) has become more popular. These practices have prompted the National Academy of Science, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) to research the possible impacts of these CRMs on the quality of surface and ground waters. State department of transportations (DOTs) are currently experimenting with use of ground tire rubber ( crumb rubber) in bituminous construction and as a crack sealer. Crumb rubber asphalt concrete (CR-AC) leachates contain a mixture of organic and metallic contaminants. Benzothiazole and 2(3H)-benzothiazolone (organic compounds used in tire rubber manufacturing) and the metals mercury and aluminum were leached in potentially harmful concentrations (exceeding toxic concentrations for aquatic toxicity tests). CR-AC leachate exhibited moderate to high toxicity for algae ( Selenastrum capriconutum) and moderate toxicity for water fleas ( Daphnia magna). Benzothiazole was readily removed from CR-AC leachate by the environmental processes of soil sorption, volatilization, and biodegradation. Metals, which do not volatilize or photochemically or biologically degrade, were removed from the leachate by soil sorption. Contaminants from CR-AC leachates are thus degraded or retarded in their transport through nearby soils and ground waters. 相似文献
146.
Jamialahmadi Nafise Hashemi Mohammad Jalili Ghazizade Mahdi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):2054-2067
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - With over 9 million population, challenges of waste management system (WMS) of Tehran can offer some lessons to other middle-income cities. Despite... 相似文献
147.
Salehi Tahereh Shirvani Mehran Dinari Mohammad Gavili Edris 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(10):4463-4478
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Adsorptive removal of toxic metals from water using materials with high removal capability and sufficient environmental degradability is of great... 相似文献
148.
Ahmed Mukhtar Abdullah Anas Patle Dipesh S. Shahadat Mohammad Ahmad Zainal Athar Moina Aslam Mohammad Vo Dai-Viet N. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(1):335-378
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Biodiesel is a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel. The main bottlenecks in the commercialization of biodiesel are production costs and suitable industrial... 相似文献
149.
Seidi Farzad Arabi Shamsabadi Ahmad Ebadi Amooghin Abtin Saeb Mohammad Reza Xiao Huining Jin Yongcan Rezakazemi Mashallah 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(2):1083-1128
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The application of natural biopolymers such as polysaccharides for the fabrication of bio-based membranes has recently attracted attention for CO2... 相似文献
150.
Elavarasan Rajvikram Madurai Pugazhendhi Rishi Shafiullah G. M. Kumar Nallapaneni Manoj Arif Mohammad Taufiqul Jamal Taskin Chopra Shauhrat Singh Dyduch Joanna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(23):33957-33987
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the pursuit of constructing a sustainable world for all through the instrumental seventeen Sustainable Development Goals, the COVID-19 pandemic... 相似文献