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Ali Nikonahad Ali Khorshidi Hamid Reza Ghaffari Hamideh Ebrahimi Aval Mohammad Miri Ali Amarloei Heshmatollah Nourmoradi Amir Mohammadi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(16):14117-14123
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the environmental and metrological variables and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) transmission and its prediction in a region susceptible to this disease prevalence using a time series model. The accurate locations of 4437 CL diagnosed from 2011 to 2015 were obtained to be used in the time series model. Temperature, number of days with temperature over 30 °C, and number of earthquake were related to CL incidence using the Seasonal Auto-correlated Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model according to the Box-Jenkins method. In addition, the relationship between land use and surface soil type in 500- and 1000-m radius around the CL patients were investigated. The SARIMA models showed significant associations between environmental and meteorological variables and CL incidence adjusted for seasonality and auto-correlation. The result indicated that there are need more robust preventive programs in earthquake-prone areas with high temperature and inceptisol soil type than other areas. In addition, the region with these characteristics should be considered as high-risk areas for CL prevalence. 相似文献
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Shadpour Mallakpour Farhang Tirgir Mohammad R. Sabzalian 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):685-695
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been accepted as ‘green’ alternatives to the organic solvents in a range of synthesis, catalysis
and electrochemistry, because of their distinctive chemical and physical properties. In this investigation, N,N′-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-tyrosine dimethyl ester as a chiral bioactive diphenolic monomer was prepared in three steps. The polycondensation of this
monomer with various aromatic and aliphatic diisocyanates such as 4,4′-methylene-bis-(4-phenylisocyanate) (6a), toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate (6b), isophorone diisocyanate (6c) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (6d) were carried out in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide as a molten IL under microwave irradiation conditions and
was compared with polymerization in traditional solvent like N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The results show that IL efficiently absorbs microwave energy, thus leading to a very high heating
rate. Thus IL method is safe and green since toxic and volatile organic solvents were eliminated. All of the novel poly(urethane-imides)
(PUIs) showed good solubility in various organic solvents. The obtained new polymers were characterized with FT-IR, 1H-NMR, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of two representative PUIs demonstrated
that they are rather thermally stable. In vitro toxicity studies showed that the synthetic materials are biologically active
and they are nontoxic to microbial growth then could be classified as bioactive and biodegradable compounds. 相似文献
496.
Land-use change in oases of arid zones play a significant role in the sustainable development and stability of oases. This paper presents a typical case of successful efforts to mitigate land-use change, its drivers and effects on the oasis eco-environment at Keriya Oasis in the western arid zone of China using remotely-sensed data, official statistics, and data collected by field investigation. Mathematical models were developed to quantify important elements related to land-use change, including net change and total change. The results indicate that: (1) approximately 17% of land-use types of Keriya Oasis changed between 1991 and 2002; (2) socioeconomic development, climate change, and economic polices contributed to land-use change in the oasis; (3) inappropriate human activities were the main cause of land-use change and eco-environmental degradation in the oasis; and (4) the stability of the oasis is threatened by land-use change and unexpected eco-environmental changes in the oasis and oasis–desert ecotone. The study suggests irrational human activity in arid zones, and that caution should be exercised to maintain stability and sustainable development of oases. 相似文献
497.
Robert A. Zielinski Mohammad S. Al-Hwaiti James R. Budahn James F. Ranville 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(2):149-165
Voluminous stockpiles of phosphogypsum (PG) generated during the wet process production of phosphoric acid are stored at many
sites around the world and pose problems for their safe storage, disposal, or utilization. A major concern is the elevated
concentration of long-lived 226Ra (half-life = 1,600 years) inherited from the processed phosphate rock. Knowledge of the abundance and mode-of-occurrence
of radium (Ra) in PG is critical for accurate prediction of Ra leachability and radon (Rn) emanation, and for prediction of
radiation-exposure pathways to workers and to the public. The mean (±SD) of 226Ra concentrations in ten samples of Jordan PG is 601 ± 98 Bq/kg, which falls near the midrange of values reported for PG samples
collected worldwide. Jordan PG generally shows no analytically significant enrichment (<10%) of 226Ra in the finer (<53 μm) grain size fraction. Phosphogypsum samples collected from two industrial sites with different sources
of phosphate rock feedstock show consistent differences in concentration of 226Ra and rare earth elements, and also consistent trends of enrichment in these elements with increasing age of PG. Water-insoluble
residues from Jordan PG constitute <10% of PG mass but contain 30–65% of the 226Ra. 226Ra correlates closely with Ba in the water-insoluble residues. Uniformly tiny (<10 μm) grains of barite (barium sulfate) observed
with scanning electron microscopy have crystal morphologies that indicate their formation during the wet process. Barite is
a well-documented and efficient scavenger of Ra from solution and is also very insoluble in water and mineral acids. Radium-bearing
barite in PG influences the environmental mobility of radium and the radiation-exposure pathways near PG stockpiles. 相似文献
498.
Hachaichi Amina Kouini Benalia Kian Lau Kia Asim Mohammad Jawaid Mohammad 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(6):1990-1999
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The aim of present study is to extract microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from fruit bunch branches fibers of Algerian date palm trees (phoenix dactylifera... 相似文献
499.
Saddique Umar Muhammad Said Tariq Mohsin Zhang Hua Arif Mohammad Jadoon Ishtiaq A. K. Khattak Nimat Ullah 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(5):2177-2190
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contaminations in the soil ecosystem are considered as extremely hazardous due to toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulative... 相似文献
500.
Morgubatul Jannat Mohammed Kamal Hossain Mohammad Main Uddin Md. Akhter Hossain Md. Kamruzzaman 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2018,25(6):554-561
The study was conducted to investigate people’s forest dependency and contributions of forests to the livelihoods in the three hill districts of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh. The study revealed that forest resources contribute significantly to rural community’s livelihoods and economic well-being. Using generalized logistic regressions, this study has also investigated the socioeconomic factors that affect people’s dependency on forest resources of CHT. The study revealed that people’s income from forest and forest-related occupation was positively aligned with their forest dependency. However, their education level significantly reduced their dependency on forest resources. Thus, educating the forest-dependent people and supporting alternative income generation activities should be appreciated for effective forest management in CHT. This study will be helpful to forest and environmental policy makers for CHT. 相似文献