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641.
Battaleb-Looie S Moore F Jacks G Ketabdari MR 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(5):641-650
The present study is the first attempt to put forward possible source(s) of fluoride in the Dashtestan area, Bushehr Province, southern Iran. In response to reports on the high incidence of dental fluorosis, 35 surface and groundwater samples were collected and analysed for fluoride. The results indicate that dissolved fluoride in the study area is above the maximum permissible limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). An additional 35 soil and rock samples were also collected and analysed for fluoride, and rock samples were subjected to petrographic investigations and X-ray diffraction. The results of these analyses show that the most likely source for fluoride in the groundwater is from clay minerals (chlorite) and micas (muscovite, sericite, and biotite) in the soils and rocks in the area. We also note that due to the high average temperatures all year round and excessive water consumption in the area, the optimum fluoride dose level should be lower than that recommended by the WHO. 相似文献
642.
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ZuLiang Chen Ravi Naidu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):93-102
We have developed a novel microwave-assisted extraction method for determining the arsenic (As) speciation in soils that is
based on extraction with phosphate solutions, including orthophosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate, and ammonium
hydrogen orthophosphate. The highest extracting efficiency was obtained with 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid solution as the extractant, and this efficiency is associated with the pH of the extractant. Total
As content and As species in the soil extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) alone
and by the combined ion chromatography (IC) with ICP-MS, respectively. The proposed extraction procedure was applied to National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material (SRM) 2711 (Montana soil) as well as to environmental
soil samples collected from the agricultural lands of Bangladesh. As(V) was detected in all the soil samples, and As(III)
was detected in nine soils of the 20. These results of extractable As testing indicate that the extraction of As species mainly
depends on the composition of the soils. The As speciation results also indicate that As adsorption is highly dependent on
the iron, aluminum, and manganese concentrations in the soil. The stability of As species in the extracts was also studied. 相似文献
643.
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman R. Naidu Prosun Bhattacharya 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):9-21
The adverse impact of groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) on humans has been reported worldwide, particularly in Asian
countries. In this study, we present an overview of the As crisis in the Southeast Asian region where groundwater is contaminated
with naturally occurring As and where contamination has become more widespread in recent years. In this region more than 100 million
people are estimated to be at risk from groundwater As contamination, and some 700,000 people are known so far to have been
affected by As-related diseases. Despite investments exceeding many millions of dollars, there are still substantial knowledge
gaps about the prevalence and impact of As, notably in its epidemiology, temporal variations, social factors, patient identification,
treatment, etc. Arsenic-affected people in the affected regions also face serious social problems. Of major concern is the
fact that many researchers from different countries have been conducting research in SE Asia region but with a lack of coordination,
thus duplicating their work. There is an urgent need to coordinate these various studies to ensure better delivery of research
outcomes. Further research is needed to improve field testing and monitoring of drinking water sources, and to develop new
treatments for chronic As toxicity and new sources of safe drinking water. 相似文献
644.
645.
Pasalari Hasan Farzadkia Mahdi Gholami Mitra Emamjomeh Mohammad M. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):335-348
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The quantity and quality of leachate generated in a landfill are very important when it comes to waste management. Sanitary landfill is still being considered as... 相似文献
646.
Introduction Nitromusksarewidelyusedassyntheticfragranceingredientsinformulationofsoaps,laundrydetergents,lotions,andbody careproducts,andsoon.Thecommercial anddomesticuseanddischargeofthesecompoundsfrommunicipalsewagesystemshaveledtotheirubiquitousoccurr… 相似文献
647.
The distribution of heavy metals viz., Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the water, sediments, plants and fish samples collected from the Kali Nadi (India) have been determined. The studies have shown that there was considerable variation in the concentration of heavy metals from one sampling station to the other which may be due to the variation in the quality of industrial and sewage wastes being added to the river at different places. The orders of the concentration of heavy metals in water, sediments, plants (Eicchornia crassipes) and fish (Heteropnuestes fossilis) were Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd; Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Cr > Co > Cu > Pb > Cd; Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr > Cd and Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Pb > Co > Cr > Cu > Cd, respectively. 相似文献
648.
Mitigation of climate change impacts on maize productivity in northeast of Iran: a simulation study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Azam Lashkari Amin Alizadeh Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei Mohammad Bannayan 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(1):1-16
Development and evaluation of mitigation strategies are fundamental to manage climate change risks. This study was built on
(1) quantifying the response of maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield to potential impacts of climate change and (2) investigating the effectiveness of changing sowing date of
maize as a mitigation option for Khorasan Province which is located in northeast of Iran. Two types of General Circulation
Models (GCM: (United Kingdom Met Office Hadley Center :HadCM3) and (Institute Pierre Simon Laplace: IPCM4)) and three scenarios
(A1B, A2 and B1) at four locations (Mashhad, Birjand, Bojnourd and Sabzevar) employed in this study. Long Ashton Research
Station-Weather Generator (LARS-WG) was employed for generating the future climate. The Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-Maize
was used for crop growth simulation under projected climate conditions. The results showed the simulated grain yields of maize
gradually would decrease (from −1% to −39%) during future 100 years compared to baseline under different scenarios and two
GCM at all study locations. The simulation results suggested that delayed sowing date from May to June at all study locations,
except Sabzevar location is the most effective mitigation option for avoiding thermal stress at end of growth period. In addition,
shifting in sowing date to March or April will be beneficial in terms of obtaining higher yields in Sabzevar. Grain yield
did not show special trend from north to south of Khorasan Province in the future climate. In general, change of sowing date
may be quite beneficial to mitigate climate change impacts on grain yield of maize in northeast of Iran. 相似文献
649.
Syed Ali-Musstjab-Akber-Shah Eqani Riffat Naseem Malik Ashiq Mohammad 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(1):33-47
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), viz. β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), γ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, endosulfan-I,
endosulfan-II, heptachlor endoepoxide, heptachlor exoepoxide, mirex, dicofol, o,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p′-DDT), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethylene (DDE) and 12 other physicochemical parameters
were measured in surface sediments from River Chenab during two sampling seasons (summer and winter, 2007) to evaluate spatial
and temporal trends of sediment pollution. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis identified three groups of sites based
on spatial similarities in physicochemical parameters and OCP residual concentrations. Spatial discriminant function analysis
(DFA) segregated 14 parameters, viz. dicofol, endosulfan-I, heptachlor endoepoxide, dieldrin, DDD, DDE, endosulfan-II, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDT, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl−1, total P (%), and silt, which explained 96% of total variance between spatial groups. γ-HCH was the most frequently detected
(63%) pesticide, followed by DDD (56%). The ratio of DDTs to their metabolites indicated current input and anaerobic biodegradation.
Temporal DFA highlighted aldrin, heptachlor endoepoxide, Cl−1, total P, and EC as important variables which caused variations between summer and winter. DDTs were relatively more prevalent
as compared to other OCPs in the sediments samples during both seasons. DDT metabolites were detected at greater frequencies
and concentrations in winter, whereas DDT isomers were more prevalent in summer sediment samples. Factor analysis identified
agricultural and industrial activities as major sources of sediment OCP contamination. Concentrations of γ-HCH, heptachlor
endoepoxide, dieldrin, and DDTs (isomers and metabolites) in all sediment samples were well above interim sediment quality
guidelines (ISQGs) and probable effect limits (PEL) given by Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (CSQGs). 相似文献
650.
Mohammad Sadegh Taskhiri Anthony S.F. Chiu 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(7):730-737
The establishment of an eco-industrial park (EIP) provides opportunity for individual plants to cooperate with each other in order to utilize resources efficiently and thus reduce waste. The goal of an EIP is to “close the loop” through recycling and reuse of material and energy streams. Studies show with current freshwater consumption trends there would be water stress aggravated by global warming in the near future. This paper presents a model to design an EIP water reuse network that considers overall system sustainability as measured with emergy, as well as cost saving desired by individual plants. Case studies from literature are then solved to illustrate the advantage of this method in decision making. The illustrative examples show how the model achieves a compromise among the potentially conflicting fuzzy goals of the various EIP stakeholders. 相似文献