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991.
Afsaneh Somy Mohammad Reza Mehrnia Hosein Delavari Amrei Amin Ghanizadeh Mohammadhosein Safari 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(3):249-254
The effect of impregnation of activated carbon with Cr2O and Fe2O3 and promotion by Zn2+ on its adsorptive properties of carbon dioxide was studied using a volumetric adsorption apparatus at ambient temperature and low pressures. Slurry and solution impregnation methods were used to compare CO2 capture capacity of the impregnated activated carbon promoted by Zinc. The obtained adsorption isotherms showed that amount of CO2 adsorbed on the samples impregnated by Cr2O was increased about 20% in compare to raw activated carbon. The results also showed that Fe2O3 was not an effective impregnating species for activated carbon modification. Moreover slurry impregnation method showed higher CO2 adsorption capacity in comparison with solution impregnation method. Samples prepared by co-impregnation of two metal species showed more adsorption capacity than samples impregnated by just one metal species individually. Washing the impregnated samples by metal oxide resulted in 15% increase in CO2 adsorption capacities of activated carbons which can be attributed to the metal oxides removal covering the adsorption surface. Decreasing impregnation temperature from 95 to 25 °C in solution method showed a significant increase in CO2 adsorption capacity. Sips equation was found a suitable model fitting to the adsorption data in the range studied. 相似文献
992.
通过间歇曝气的运行方式,对高浓度氨氮低碳废水进行短程硝化-反硝化脱氮过程的研究.在生物驯化过程中考察亚硝酸盐氮的积累,并验证短程硝化即亚硝化的可行性.实验结果表明,短程硝化-反硝化过程满足高氨氮低碳废水的生物脱氮要求,亚硝化率达到98.0%以上.采用16S rRNA基因克隆文库分子生物学分析方法对系统中的硝化菌群进行分析,发现系统中主要存在将氨氧化成亚硝酸根的氨氧化菌(AOB)及亚硝酸盐还原菌. 相似文献
993.
It is widely accepted that unsafe behaviour is intrinsically linked to workplace accidents. A positive correlation exists between workers’ safe behaviour and safety climate on construction sites. Construction workers’ attitude towards safety is influenced by their perception of risk, management, safety rules and procedures. Pakistan, a developing country, is currently experiencing a strong growth in its construction activities. Unfortunately, the enforcement of safety regulations in Pakistan is not widespread. Indeed, some relevant regulations are both outdated and irrelevant to daily construction operations. This paper investigates local construction workers’ behaviour, perception and attitude toward safety, and attempts to link the research findings to the influence of national culture. A three-part interview-based questionnaire survey has identified that the majority of workers have a good degree of risk awareness and self-rated competence. Additionally, workers’ intentional behaviour was empirically explained by their attitudes towards their own and management’s safety responsibilities, as well as their perception of the risk they are generally exposed to in their workplace. The paper also reveals that workers operating in a more collective and higher uncertainty avoidance environment, are more likely to have safety awareness and beliefs, which can exhibit safer on-site behaviour. 相似文献
994.
Through a review of literature from diverse disciplines with actual and potential application to causal modeling of organizational safety risk, this paper explores issues regarding measurement techniques in a quantitative safety analysis context. The interdependencies of modeling perspectives, constructs, and measures are indentified, leading to (a) characterization and classification of measurement techniques, (b) suggestions on the selection of appropriate measurement methods for different types of model constructs including individual-level, global, configural, and shared, and (c) discussion of the modeling implications of interactions between measurement, constructs, and causal paths. A multi-dimensional perspective is offered through combinations of different “measurement methods” and “measurement bases”. A Bayesian approach is also proposed to operationalize the multi-dimensional measurements. Examples are provided to help explain the roles of these measurements in capturing the relation between organizational factors and safety performance. This paper is a product of research which has the primary purpose of extending Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) modeling frameworks to include the effects of organizational factors as the fundamental causes of accidents and incidents. 相似文献
995.
Reuse of mining wastewater in agricultural activities in Jordan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Omar Rimawi Anwar Jiries Yasin Zubi Ali El-Naqa 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):695-703
A pilot study was completed in the Al-Abyad area near phosphate mining activity in Jordan. Six plots of 50 m2 each were planted with two types of plant species (Zea mays spp. and Medicago lupulina spp.) and irrigated using three types of water (fresh groundwater, mine wastewater, and hydride water consisting of 50% fresh
and 50% mine wastewater) to investigate the suitability of utilizing mine wastewater for food production in the area. Water,
soil and plant sampling was completed for each plot over different time intervals and analyzed for heavy metal (Cr+6, Ni+2, Zn+2 and Pb+2) in addition to major ionic composition of the water used for irrigation. Crop yield was estimated at the end of the experiment.
Plots irrigated with mine wastewater showed slightly higher heavy metals concentrations and soil salinity during the experiment
period was higher for plots irrigated with mine wastewater compared to plots irrigated with fresh water, and it was uniform
through the upper 45 cm of the soil profile due to the high amount of irrigation water used during the experiment. Crop yield
was inversely proportional to salinity as an increase of salinity by 2-folds resulted in reducing yield by almost 50%. However,
no risk of heavy metals contamination was found in plants and soil.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
996.
Salt-induced land and water degradation in the Aral Sea basin: A challenge to sustainable agriculture in Central Asia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Manzoor Qadir rew D. Noble Asad S. Qureshi Raj K. Gupta Tulkun Yuldashev Akmal Karimov 《Natural resources forum》2009,33(2):134-149
Expansion of irrigated agriculture in the Aral Sea Basin in the second half of the twentieth century led to the conversion of vast tracks of virgin land into productive agricultural systems resulting in significant increases in employment opportunities and income generation. The positive effects of the development of irrigated agriculture were replete with serious environmental implications. Excessive use of irrigation water coupled with inadequate drainage systems has caused large‐scale land degradation and water quality deterioration in downstream parts of the basin, which is fed by two main rivers, the Amu‐Darya and Syr‐Darya. Recent estimates suggest that more than 50% of irrigated soils are salt‐affected and/or waterlogged in Central Asia. Considering the availability of natural and human resources in the Aral Sea Basin as well as the recent research addressing soil and water management, there is cause for cautious optimism. Research‐based interventions that have shown significant promise in addressing this impasse include: (1) rehabilitation of abandoned salt‐affected lands through halophytic plant species; (2) introduction of 35‐day‐old early maturing rice varieties to withstand ambient soil and irrigation water salinity; (3) productivity enhancement of high‐magnesium soils and water resources through calcium‐based soil amendments; (4) use of certain tree species as biological pumps to lower elevated groundwater levels in waterlogged areas; (5) optimal use of fertilizers, particularly those supplying nitrogen, to mitigate the adverse effects of soil and irrigation water salinity; (6) mulching of furrows under saline conditions to reduce evaporation and salinity buildup in the root zone; and (7) establishment of multipurpose tree and shrub species for biomass and renewable energy production. Because of water withdrawals for agriculture from two main transboundary rivers in the Aral Sea Basin, there would be a need for policy level interventions conducive for enhancing interstate cooperation to transform salt‐affected soil and saline water resources from an environmental and productivity constraint into an economic asset. 相似文献
997.
Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti Yehya S. Al-Degs Majeda A.M. Khraisheh Mohammad N. Ahmad Stephen J. Allen 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3520-3527
The investigations into structural changes which occur during adsorbent modification and the adsorption mechanisms are essential for an effective design of adsorption systems. Manganese oxides were impregnated onto diatomite to form the type known as δ-birnessite. Initial investigations established the effectiveness of manganese oxides-modified diatomite (MOMD) to remove basic and reactive dyes from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity of MOMD for methylene blue (MB), hydrolysed reactive black (RB) and hydrolysed reactive yellow (RY) was 320, 419, and 204 mg/g, respectively. Various analytical techniques were used to characterise the structure and the mechanisms of the dye adsorption process onto MOMD such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption spectrometry (A.A.). A small shift to higher values of the d-spacing of dye/MOMD was observed indicating that a small amount of the dye molecules were intercalated in the MOMD structure and other molecules were adsorbed on the external surface of MOMD. Two mechanisms of dye adsorption onto MOMD were proposed; intercalation of the dye in the octahedral layers and adsorption of the dye on the MOMD external surface. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the MOMD structure was changed upon insertion of MB and RY with an obvious decrease in the intensity of the second main peak of the MOMD X-ray pattern. 相似文献
998.
From Iran: Does Improvement in Corporate Environmental Performance Affect Corporate Risk Taking? 下载免费PDF全文
Superior corporate environmental performance (CEP) has become essential to the competitive advantage and financial success of businesses. However, the main reasons managers pay attention to environmental performance are improved reputation in the capital market and profitability, as well as reductions in operating costs and risks. This article describes the findings of a study that examines the relationship between CEP, using a reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as a measure, and corporate risk taking. In addition to indicating a significant negative relationship between CEP and firm risk, the study results also show that a 1% improvement of CEP decreases corporate risk by 3%. 相似文献
999.
Muntjeer Ali Khalid M. Gani Absar A. Kazmi Naseem Ahmed 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(5):278-286
Removal efficiencies, kinetics and degradation pathways of aldrin, endosulfan α and endosulfan β in vegetable waste were evaluated during rotary drum and conventional windrow composting. The highest percentage removal of aldrin, endosulfan α and endosulfan β in rotary drum composting was 86.8, 83.3 and 85.3% respectively, whereas in windrow composting, it was 66.6%, 77.7% and 67.2% respectively. The rate constant of degradation of aldrin, endosulfan α and endosulfan β during rotary drum composting ranged from 0.410–0.778, 0.057–0.076 and 0.009–0.061 day?1 respectively. The pathways of degradation of these pesticides in composting process were proposed. Metabolites dieldrin and 1 hydroxychlorodene formed during composting of aldrin in the vegetable waste indicated the occurrence of epoxidation reaction and oxidation of bridge carbon of aldrin containing the methylene group. Formation of chloroendic acid and chloroendic anhydride during composting of endosulfan containing vegetable waste support the occurrence of endosulfan sulfate and dehydration reaction respectively. 相似文献
1000.
Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali Aldrin Abdullah Nordin Abd. Razak Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki 《Journal of environmental psychology》2012
People's perception of crime and incivilities vary considerably depending on their attitudes towards environmental conditions. This paper investigated the hypothesised relationships between Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), victimisation and fear of crime. The checklist was administered by using on-site observation to measure the CPTED construct followed by a self-administered questionnaire to explore the residents' perceptions of victimisation and fear of crime in their area of residency. In all, 164 respondents from a selected group of residents were involved in this study. The structural equation modelling technique was employed and the results indicate that CPTED is negatively related to victimisation. The model also shows that there is a significant positive direct influence of victimisation on fear of crime. However, no direct significant relationship was found between CPTED and fear of crime, but a negative indirect relationship between CPTED and fear of crime was observed through victimisation. 相似文献