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91.
Ali?Mohammed?OumerEmail author Andreas?de Neergaard 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(3):547-564
The aim of this paper is to disclose livelihood strategy-poverty links and gain a better understanding by developing typologies
of rural households. Based on qualitative and quantitative data, we group households into different typologies and explore
interactions. We identified six main agronomic strategies, four dominant livelihood diversification strategies, and income
quartiles (proxies for poverty) using cluster and principal component factor analysis. We found that nearly 82% of the surveyed
farmers in the study area belong to the bottom income quartiles while about 18% are on the upper quartiles. Households in
the bottom income quartiles engaged in casual off-farm work and cereal-dominated livelihood strategies that tend to pursue
subsistence farming by growing cereals and oil crops. Contrarily, farmers in the upper income quartiles adapted intensive
agronomic strategies by integrating root crops, legumes, and vegetables with livestock. This was largely attributed to access
to key livelihood assets such as land, livestock, education, and institutional support in which the upper quartiles were more
endowed. Improving availability of the key assets for the bottom income quartiles might be a way out of poverty and ensuring
sustainable development. It is crucial to recognize local-level heterogeneities of rural households when targeting development
interventions. 相似文献
92.
This study employs insights largely derived from critical reflections on the common pool resources (CPR) theory to examine
the current governance arrangements in place to manage the mangrove forest at Kisakasaka, in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Kisakasaka
was used as a site for a community-based management pilot project of forest resources in Zanzibar. After some initial success
in setting up a local management structure and regulating access to the mangrove for mainly charcoal production, there are
now clear indications that forest conditions have deteriorated dramatically with concomitant ongoing resource use problems
for local villagers who have relied heavily on forest resources as a source of cash income. Extra-local factors, such as urban
population increases and associated market pressures for charcoal, are also conjectured to overlay and interact with the institutional
problems at Kisakasaka. As a result, over concern about the deterioration in the condition of the mangrove forest, the responsible
government authority decided not to renew the community-based governance arrangements after an initial five-year pilot period.
While revealing the inadequacies of existing governance arrangements and of its relationship to deteriorating forest conditions
at Kisakasaka, this study concludes by suggesting an approach to more fully understand forces driving local resource management
and use. 相似文献
93.
M. Kassas 《The Environmentalist》1997,17(1):63-67
The present physiognomy of the surface of planet Earth is the outcome of interactions between three systems: nature, humans and technologies. Each evolved throughout history. Nature (including the climate) has its history on the scale of millions of years. Humans and their societal organization (the sociosphere) have their history on the scale of thousands of years. Technologies, their applications and their structural manifestations (the technosphere), are products of human ingenuity and have their history, associated with the industrial revolution, on the scale or hundreds of years. The scales of history are different and the factors that control the processes operative in each of the three systems are different. However, the events that make the contemporary scene and the forces that shape the transformations of tomorrow relate to the complex interactions between these three systems. The differences entail the inherent difficulties of these interactions, and as humans are the principal operators of these interactions, human failures often add to these difficulties and result in what have become recognized as environmental problems. 相似文献
94.
Mohammed M 《Environmental management》2000,25(2):177-188
/ This study aims to investigate the ISO 14001 implementation process and its implications for regional environmental management. The region of Central Japan (known as Chubu in Japanese, which literally means center) was chosen for this case study. The study focuses on selected issues such as the: (1) trends and motives of private firms in the implementation of an ISO 14001-based environmental management system (EMS); (2) obstacles during system implementation; (3) role of the system in enhancing environmental performance within the certified organization; and (4) relation between the major stakeholders, local citizens, governments, and firms after adopting the system. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey was mailed to all certified firms in the region. A 58% response was achieved overall. The results show that the main aims behind the adoption of ISO 14001 by firms in the Chubu region are to improve the environmental aspects within the enterprises and to enhance the employees' environmental awareness and capacity. The results have also shown that the ISO 14001-based EMS has had a great effect on a firm's environmental status as certified firms have claimed that natural resources such as fuel, water, and paper consumption have been more efficiently managed after adopting the system. Implementation of the system causes the firms to consider the role of the local people and the government in more effectively involving the local people in the firm's daily environmental activities. It also helps to enhance the environmental awareness among the local people. Adopting the system also promotes a better relation within the enterprises affiliated to the same group, such as more attention given by the parent firms (head offices) towards other firms working for the same group, or branches-mainly small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs)-in the field of EMS. Finally, the results show that firms give serious consideration to their final products' impacts on the environment. In other words, attention is given to life cycle analysis (LCA) among certified firms. 相似文献
95.
Dore MH 《Environment international》2005,31(8):1167-1181
The objective of this paper is to synthesize the large literature recording changing patterns of precipitation in the observed data, thus indicating that climate change is already a reality. Such a synthesis is required not only for environmental researchers but also for policy makers. The key question is the broad picture at major regional and continental levels. Some interesting conclusions for this survey are emerging. For example, the review shows increased variance of precipitation everywhere. Consistent with this finding, we observe that wet areas become wetter, and dry and arid areas become more so. In addition, the following general changing pattern is emerging: (a) increased precipitation in high latitudes (Northern Hemisphere); (b) reductions in precipitation in China, Australia and the Small Island States in the Pacific; and (c) increased variance in equatorial regions. The changes in the major ocean currents also appear to be affecting precipitation patterns. For example, increased intensity and frequency of El Ni?o and ENSO seem associated with evidence of an observed "dipole" pattern affecting Africa and Asia, although this time series is too short so far. But the changing pattern calls for renewed efforts at adaptation to climate change, as the changing precipitation pattern will also affect the regional availability of food supply. 相似文献
96.
97.
Kumar Rajnish Sharma Anju Srivastava Janmejai Kumar Siddiqui Mohammed Haris Uddin Md. Sahab Aleya Lotfi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(30):40431-40444
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The outbreak of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected the entire world with its infectious spread and... 相似文献
98.
Veerasingam Subramanian Vethamony Ponnumony Aboobacker Valliyil Mohammed Giraldes Amanda Engmann Dib Samah Al-Khayat Jassim A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):34259-34268
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental problem, particularly in the marine environment, and nations are concerned about this issue.... 相似文献
99.
Tabish Mohammad Khatoon Aisha Alkahtani Saad Alkahtane Abdullah Alghamdi Jawahir Ahmed Syed Anees Mir Snober S Albasher Gadah Almeer Rafa Al-Sultan Nouf K. Aljarba Nada H. Al-Qahtani Wedad Saeed AL-Zharani Mohammed Nayak Amit Kumar Hasnain Md Saquib 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(30):40311-40321
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized a novel coronavirus as the causative agent of a new form of pneumonia. It was subsequently named... 相似文献
100.
Alwared Abeer I. Al-Musawi Tariq J. Muhaisn Laheib F. Mohammed Ahmed A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(3):2848-2859
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The agricultural waste of orange peels (OPs) was utilized as a cheap biosorbent and then tested for its ability to treat the reactive red (RR) dye... 相似文献